吃辣椒有什么好处| 十月十一日是什么星座| 新生儿什么时候剪头发| 含义是什么意思| 什么水果含糖量低| 磨蹭是什么意思| 十月一日是什么日子| 鸡血藤有什么作用| 智齿什么时候拔合适| 什么花秋天开| 八拜之交是什么生肖| 布洛芬什么时候吃| 日字五行属什么| 黎明是什么时候| 为什么糙米越吃血糖越高| 男人送女人项链代表什么| 什么叫统招| 土耳其说什么语言| 机滤是什么| 后脖子出汗多是什么原因| 春天穿什么衣服| 维生素b是什么食物| 生理盐水敷脸有什么作用| 微笑是什么| 梦见鳄鱼是什么意思| 脱相是什么意思| 跳蚤为什么只咬一个人| 全自动洗衣机不脱水是什么原因| 玛瑙对人体有什么好处| 副词是什么| 子衿是什么意思| 外科主要看什么病| 耐力是什么意思| 手足口疫苗什么时候打| 什么叫压力| 做恐怖的梦预示着什么| 黑今念什么| 胃痛挂什么科| 猪精是什么意思| 三高人群适合吃什么水果| 3月6号是什么星座的| 数字9像什么| 儿保挂什么科| 4月15日是什么日子| 藏红花和什么一起泡水喝效果好| 一个车一个罔是什么字| 二月一号是什么星座| 拉肚子为什么会发烧| 鹅口疮有什么症状| 安全期什么时候| 背疼是什么原因引起的女人| 肠梗阻吃什么药| 钓鲤鱼用什么饵料| 马是什么牌子的车| 脚脖子抽筋是什么原因| 什么手机信号最好最强| c k是什么牌子| tvoc是什么意思| 果葡糖浆是什么| 物尽其用什么意思| 月经黑色是什么原因| 玄牝之门是什么意思| 长得标致是什么意思| 女人右眼跳是什么预兆| 北京友谊医院擅长什么| 白血病是什么症状| 独在异乡为异客异是什么意思| 火鸡面为什么那么辣| 上海仁济医院擅长什么| 少了一个肾有什么影响| 为什么会宫外孕| 卡西欧属于什么档次| 北京市市长是什么级别| 舌头白吃什么药| 牛筋草用什么除草剂| 帕罗西汀是什么药| 等字五行属什么| 三个土念什么| 华法林是什么药| 抽血化验能查出什么| 麦芯粉是什么面粉| 皿是什么意思| 小孩为什么会细菌感染| 学架子鼓有什么好处| 平菇炒什么好吃| 盆底肌松弛有什么症状| 什么大山| 防晒霜和防晒乳有什么区别| 尿蛋白高不能吃什么食物| 早晨六点是什么时辰| 眼角发黄是什么原因| yw是什么| 肠系膜脂膜炎是什么病| 色纸是什么| 球拍状胎盘对胎儿有什么影响| 大舅哥是什么意思| 宝宝咳嗽挂什么科| 越南用什么语言| 夏天白鸽煲什么汤最好| 疱疹是什么症状| 知了猴是什么| 吃饭出汗多是什么原因| 孩子大便出血什么原因| 梦见自己掉河里了是什么意思| 痛点是什么意思| 指甲紫色是什么病的征兆| 急性肠胃炎应该吃什么药| 输卵管堵塞吃什么药能打通| 鼓动是什么意思| 单恋是什么意思| 做好自己是什么意思| 肺癌积水意味什么结果| 扦脚是什么意思| 人棉是什么面料| 汤圆和元宵有什么区别| 女人吃什么养肝排毒| 人乳头瘤病毒hpv是什么意思| 梦见挖红薯是什么意思| 鬼针草有什么作用| 脚底板疼用什么药| 虚岁31岁属什么生肖| 支付宝提现是什么意思| 上皮内瘤变是什么意思| pe什么意思| 1921年是什么年| pending是什么状态| 哺乳期什么时候来月经正常| 吃多了拉肚子是什么原因| 打呼噜是什么原因引起的| co是什么气体| 胸闷气短吃什么药疗效比较好| 附子理中丸治什么病| 公务员属于什么行业| 为什么肛门会出血| ngs什么意思| 男生生理期是什么表现| 阴虱是什么| 治疗幽门螺杆菌用什么药效果最好| 三月五号是什么星座| 擦汗的表情是什么意思| 金标是什么意思| 幼字五行属什么| 黄瓜敷脸有什么好处| 天气一热身上就痒是什么原因| 李连杰什么病| 字如其人什么意思| 巴西货币叫什么| 乙肝不能吃什么东西| 变形虫是什么生物| 早上起床牙龈出血是什么原因| 中老年人吃什么钙片好| 内膜薄是什么意思| 家有喜事是什么生肖| 宫腔少量积液是什么意思| lp 什么意思| 肠鸣是什么原因| 三峡大坝什么时候建成的| dh什么意思| 什么人吃天麻最好| 院士是什么级别| mw是什么意思| 调羹是什么意思| 什么叫杵状指| 子宫筛查主要检查什么| 九月23日是什么星座| 世界上最难的数学题是什么| 重阳节为什么要插茱萸| 补办身份证需要带什么| 天龙八部是指佛教中的什么| 心心相惜是什么意思| 无锡有什么好玩的| 十一月是什么月| 乳腺结节什么症状表现| 什么什么不周| 艾灸起水泡是什么原因| 2024年属什么生肖| 含羞草为什么害羞| 酮症酸中毒什么原因引起的| 麦字五行属什么| 什么生肖站着睡觉| 中国科协是什么级别| 女人打掉孩子说明什么| 什么时期最容易怀孕| 超声波是什么意思| bra什么意思| 抗体阳性什么意思| 老师家访的目的是什么| 舌头黄是什么原因| 肾病吃什么药最好| 深入交流是什么意思| 吃什么可以降低尿酸| 天使综合征是什么病| 抱恙是什么意思| 八月十五是什么日子| mri是什么| 钙化灶什么意思| 吃东西恶心想吐是什么原因| 它是什么结构| 玻璃结节是什么意思| 左下眼皮跳是什么原因| 无产阶级是什么意思| 梦见自己开车是什么意思| collection什么牌子| 七月十四号是什么星座| 食是代表什么生肖| 腱鞘炎要挂什么科| 从小一起长大的姐妹叫什么| 痱子粉什么牌子好| 泡泡什么意思| 短pr间期是什么意思| 有机是什么意思| 梦见辣椒是什么预兆| 转诊是什么意思| 下关沱茶属于什么茶| 监狱长是什么级别| 圈名什么意思| 馒头吃多了有什么坏处| 尿路感染是什么原因造成的| 考妣是什么意思| 耳朵痒用什么药最有效| 肝异常一般是什么情况| 肠管积气是什么原因| 手指甲月牙代表什么| 丽江机场叫什么名字| hiit是什么意思| 枸杞喝多了有什么坏处| evisu是什么牌子| 马超属什么生肖| 深渊是什么意思| 追随是什么意思| 至是什么意思| ab型rh阳性是什么意思| 睾丸积液是什么原因造成的| 诗经是什么朝代的| 七月18日是什么星座| 同房出血什么原因| 毛囊炎用什么药膏| 新生儿上户口需要什么资料| 红丝带的含义是什么| 在家做什么小生意| 惊魂未定的意思是什么| 女子胞指的是什么| 左耳嗡嗡响吃什么药| 梦见死人什么意思| 字字珠玑什么意思| 心动过速吃什么药最好| 电母是什么意思| 环磷酰胺是什么药| 什么是春梦| 鳞状上皮内高度病变是什么意思| 妇科湿疹用什么药膏最有效| 流泪痣是什么意思| 血糖偏高能吃什么水果和食物最好| 年轻人能为世界做什么| beko是什么牌子| 空调的睡眠模式是什么意思| 顺风顺水是什么生肖| 背上有痣代表什么| 登高望远是什么生肖| 男生下巴长痘痘是什么原因| 流弹是什么意思| 孕妇有狐臭擦什么最好| 香叶是什么树叶| 拉肚子吃什么食物好得快| 百度???? ??

湖南践行国学公益基金会2016年专项审计报告

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百度 Unilateralismharmseveryone,saysvicepremierUnilateralismandtradewarsharmeveryone,benefitno-one,triggerlargerconflictsandexertanegativeimpact,ChineseVicePremierHanZhengsaidonSundayattheannualChinaDevelopmentForuminBeijingamidspiralingtradedisputesbetweenthetwolargesteconomiesintheworld."Thereadoptionoftradeprotectionismleadsnowhere,"Hansaidinakeynotespeechattheopeningceremonyofthehigh-profileforumattendedbygovernmentofficials,sstanceagainstatradewarwiththeUS,althoughUSPresidentDona(Beijingtime),theTrumpadministrationannouncedplanstohitChinawithupto$aturdaymorning,ChineseVicePremierLiuHnterestsofChina,ts,saidLiu,whoexpressedthehopethatthetwosideswillstayrationalandworktogeth,thisyearsforumco-chairmanAppleCEOTimCookchampionedfreetrade."Countriesthatembraceopenness,thatembracetrade,thatembracediversityarethecountriesthatdoexceptionally,"Cooksaid,stwolargesteconomiescouldbeeased,marketwatcherssay."Chinaisverygoodatfindingcompromises,andIthinkwecanpossiblyavoidatradewar,"Frank-JürgenRichter,aparticipantattheforum,sues,saidRichter,founderandchairmanofHorasis,,sIPRprotectionAtaforumpaneldiscussiononSundayafternoon,ViceCommerceMinisterWangShouwensaidthattheChinesegovernmentsintellectualpropertyrights(IPR)protectioneff$,accordingtoWang,whostressedthecountrysIPRprotectionhas"ChinaandtheUScansitdownandtrytoresolvetradedisputesundertheWTOframework."Therearenowinnersinatradewar,anditsimportantthatthetwosidesarecapableofstayingsoberandtakemeasurestoironoutdisputes,tmeanChinawouldbepassive,,",andshouldshowtheUSthattheyareplayingaccordingtotherules,sproposedtariffs,thecommerceministryonFridayunveileda$3billionlistofUSimportsrangingfr,aformervicecommerceministerdisclosedSaturdaythatChinaisalsoresearchingasecondandthirdlistofUSimportsthatcouldbetargetedincludingaircraftandmicrochips,accordingtomediareports."BeijingwilllikelyimposetariffsonsoybeansgrowninfarmstatesthatvotedforDonaldTrump,"DBSeconomistssaidinanotesenttotheGlobalTimes."OtherretaliatorymeasuresfromBeijingwouldincludebanningtheimportofgeneticallymodifiedproductsfromtheUSanddelayingtradeandinvestmentdealssignedduringTrump"Newspaperheadline:EconomistsslamUStariffs


NATO ????? ??? ??? ??? 1991? ???? ?? ???? ? ??? ?????. 1994? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?? ????? ????, 1997? 5? 27? ??? ???? ?? 1997? ?? NATO ?????? NATO–??? ?? ?? (NRFA)? ???? NATO–??? ??????? (NRPJC)? ??? ?????. 2010?? ??? NATO? ???? ?? ?? ?? ??? ????.[1] NRPJC? 2002? NATO-??? ??? (NRC)? ??????, ?? ?? ?? ? ?? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?????.

???? NATO ? ??? ???? ?? ??? ????? ???? ????, ???-NATO ??? ?????? ??? ??? 2008? ???-??? ?? ?? ?? ???? ????. 2014? 4? 1? NATO? ???? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??? ?? ?????. 2021? 10?, NATO? ??? ???? ??? ??? 8?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ???? NATO ?? ??? ???? ????? NATO ??? ??? ????.[2][3] 2022? ???? ????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??.

??

[??]

?? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??? ??? ? NATO? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ????. ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? NATO? ??? ?? ??? ???. ??? ?? H. W. ?? ???, ??? ??? ?? ????, ??? ??? ? ??, ??? ?????? ?? ????, ??? ???? ?? ????? ??? ????. ??? ?????? ?? ????? 1990? 2? 6? ???? ??? "NATO? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??"? ?? ??? ???? ??? ????.[4] 1990-91?, ?? ?? ????? NATO? ????? ??? ??? ???, ??? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?? ? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?????.[5] ?? ?? ??? ????? ???? ???, 1990? ??? ???? ?? ?? ? ?? ?? ??? ?? H. W. ?? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??????? '??? ??'? ??. ?, ?????? ???? ??? NATO? ??? ?? ? ????, NATO? ???? ?? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?? ? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?????. ? ??? ?? ??? NATO ?? ?? ??? '??? ????'? ???? ?????.[6] ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ?? ? ?????? ??? ??? ???? NATO? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???. ?? ?? "??? ? ????? NATO? ???? ????? ? ??? 1993?? ???? ?????. ?? ???? ??? ? ???? ???. ??? 1990?? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ????"?? ???.[7] 1992?, ? ??? ??? ? ?? ? ? ? ??? ? ???? ?? ?? ???? NATO? ??? ??? ????? ????.[8]

?? ? ?? ?? (1989–2004)

[??]
NATO ?? ??? ????? ??.

?? ???? ????? ??????? 1989? 12? 19? NATO ??? ?? ????, 1990? NATO? ?? ? ???? ?? ??? ??? ????.[9] 1990? 6? ??? "??? ???"? ?? "?? NATO-??? ?? ??? ? ??"?? ????, ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ????.[10] ?? ?? 1990? 7? NATO ???? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ????.[11] 1990? 11? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ????.

1991? 12? 8? ?????? ?? ?? ?? ??, ???? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?? H. W. ?? ????? ???? ? ??? ?6?? ??? ?? ???. "??, ?? ??? ?? ??????? ???????. ?? ?6?? ?? ??????. ?? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??????. ?? ?6?? ?? ????." ... "?? ??? ?? ??? ????, ???? (??? ????? ???? ?????? ?????)." ... "??, ? ?????. ??? ??, ?? ?????. ?? ??? ?? ???, 10?? ???? ?? ??????."[12]?:Relevance inline ?6?? ??? ???, ???, ?????, ????? "?? ?? ? ?? ??"? "???"? ????. [13][14]?:Relevance inline

1991? 12? 21?, ???? ??? ?? ???? NATO? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??? ? ?? ????. NATO? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?? ???. “?? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ????. ??? ? ??? ???? ??? ???, ??? ?? ???? ? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ???. ?? ??? ???? NATO ?? ??? ?????, ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?? ????.”[15]

?????? ? ?? ??????? 1992? 5? 15?? ?????.[16] (2002??? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ????????? ?????).?:Relevance inline

??? ??? ??? ??? NATO ?? ???? ??? ??? 1991? ??? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??? (?? ??-??? ???? ???? ??)? ? ??? ?????, 1994? 6? 22? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?? ????? ????? ?? ?????.[17][18][19][20]

1994? 1? 14?, ???? ??? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ? ????? ???? ??? ?? ???. "???? NATO? ???? ? ?? ??? ??? ???. ??? ?? ? ???? ?? ???? ??? ? ????. ??, ???, ?? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???? ? ??? ??? ???." "??? ???? ?? NATO? ??? ??? ?? ?????. ???? ?? ?? ????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ???. ??? ???? ??? ????. ????? ?? ? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?????. ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?????, ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ? ?? ?? ? ? ?? ????."[21][22][23]

1994? 9?, ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? CSCE? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ????. ???? ??? NATO? ?? CSCE? ??? ???? ????? ?????. ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?? 'NATO? ??? ???'?, ??? ??? '???? ???, ??? ???? ???? ????? ??? ???? ??'? ????. ???? '?? ??? ??? ????? CSCE? NATO? ???? ??? ? ???, CSCE ??? ?? ? ?? ???, NATO ??? ?? ??? ??? ?'??? ???. ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???.[24]

?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??? NATO ???? ?? ?? ??? ? ????? ?????, 1994? 12? NATO? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?, ?? NATO? ??? ??? ???? ????. ??? 1995? NATO ??? ?? ??? ?? ???? ????. ??? ?? 1997? NATO-??? ?? ?? ??? ???? NATO?? ??? ????.[25]

????? ?? ?? ??

[??]
 ????? ?? ?? ?? ??? ? ??? ?? ??? ????.

?? ?? ????? ?? ?? ??? ??????, ???, ?? ? ??? ?? ? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??? ????, ?????, ?????? ?? ??? ????.

???? NATO ??

[??]
 ?1?????? ??? ??????.
1997? 3? 6? ?????? NATO ?? SFOR? ???? ??? ??? ??????

1995? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? NATO ?? ?? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?? ????.[26] 1995? 10? 15?, ??? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ????? (SHAPE)? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ????. ??? ??? ?? ???? SHAPE? ?????, ? ??? ????? ?? ?? ??? ????? (SACEUR)? ???? ???. ??? ???? ??? ? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? (??)? ?? ???? ???, ????? ?? ?? ??? ?? SACEUR? ?? ??? ???.[27][28] ?? ????? NATO ??? ?? ??? ???[28] ?2? ?? ?? ?? ???? NATO ??? ?? ? ?? ?? ?????.[29]

??????? ??? ??? NATO ??? ??? ? ???? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??????, ?? NATO ?? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??? NATO-??? ?? ?? ??? ????? ???.[30]

NATO-??? ?? ??

[??]

1997? 5? 27?, ??? ???? ?? NATO ?????? NATO? ???? ??? NATO-??? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??, ?? ? ??? ?? ?? ??? ????.[31][32][33] ? ??? ??? ??, NATO? ???? ??? ??? ??, ??? ??? ??, ??? ? ? ??-?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ???? 5?? ?? ???? ?????.

?? ??? ?? ?? ? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ? ??. 2022? ???? ????? ?? ?? ???? ??? ? ??? ????. ?? ????? 2014? ???? ???? ?? ?? ?? ??? "???"???? ????.[34]

NATO-??? ???????

[??]
1997? NATO ???? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ??

??, ? ??? ??, ?? ? ?? ??? ?? ??? "NATO-??? ???????" (NRPJC)? ????.[35] PJC? ??? ???? 2001? NATO-??? ?? ?? ? ?? ???? ?????.[36] ? ???? ??? ??, ????, ?? ?? ?? ? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ? ? ?????, NATO-??? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???? NATO? ??? ??? ?? ????? ???? ?? ????.[37]

?? ?? ? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? NATO? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??????.[36][38]

NATO? ?????? ??

[??]

1999?, ???? ?? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?? ???? NATO? ?????? ??? ?????, ?? ???? ????? ????.[39][40] ????? ?? ????? NATO? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ????. ??? ????? '??? ?????, ??? ????!'?? ???.[8]

???? ??? ?? ???? NATO? ?????? ??? "???? ??? ?? ??? ????"? ???.[41] ??? ??? 1999? 6? 11? ?????, ?? NATO-??? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?????. ???? NATO? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ????? ????? ????. ??? ??? ??? ???? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ? ??? ??? ???.[42] 1999? 6? 12??? 26??? NATO? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ????, ? ? ????? ????? ????? ????.[43][44]

2000? 3? 5?, NATO? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ????? ??? ???? ?? ?? ? ??? ??? ??? ? ??? ???. ?? "???? ??? ???? ????? NATO?? ? ?? ??? ?? ??? ? ??? ????"?? ???. ???? NATO? ??? ? ???? ??? ?? "? ? ??? ??????"?? ???. ??? NATO? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? ????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ???. NATO? ??? ???, ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ? ?? ??? "??"? ??? ? ??? "???? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?"??? ???.[45][46][47]

9·11 ??

[??]

2001?, ??? ?? 9·11 ?? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ?? W. ???? ??? ???. ?? ?? ?? ?? ??-??? ??? ?????. ???? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ????, ?? ??????? ???? ??????. NATO ???? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???-NATO ??? ???? ??? ?? ????.[48]

??? ??? ????? ?? ??

[??]

2001? 12? ??? NATO? ??? ??? ??? ??? ????. ?? ?????, ??? 2001-2002?? ????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?????, ? ? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ? ????? ?? ??? ?? (BMD) ???? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ??(NATO? ??? ??)? ????. ??? ??? ? ?? ?? NATO ??? ???? ???. (??? ???, ???, ????, ??, ????, ???????, ????, ??, ??????? ??? ??? ? NATO ????? ?? BMD ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?, ????? ???? BMD ??? ???? ????? NATO ??? ???? ???.) ??? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??????? ?????, ?? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ????.[8]

NATO-??? ???

[??]
2002? 5? 28? ???? ???? ? ?? ?? ???? ?? ???-NATO ?????? ????? ?? ??? ???, ?? ???? NATO ????, ??? ?????? ???? ??

NATO-??? ??? (NRC)? 2002? ?? NATO ???? ?? 2002? 5? 28? ?????. NRC? NATO? ??? ?? ?? ?? ? ?? ????? ???? ?? ?? ?? ???? PJC? ????? ?????.[49] NRC? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?????, PJC ??? ??? ?? ??(NATO + 1) ?? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?? ????.[50] NATO? ???? ???? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???. NATO? ??? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???. ????? ??? ????? ?? ???, "?? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??-??? ??? ????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?"??? ????.[51]

???? NATO ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?????: ????, ?? ??, ?????? (???? ??? ??????? ?? ?? ??(?????? ??? NATO ?? ??)), ?? ?? ?? ??, ?? ??, ?? ???.[52] ??? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? NRC? ??, ??, ?? ??, ?? ??, ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??, ?? ? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ??.[50][53]

NATO-??? ??? ??? ?? ???? "?? ?? ? ??"?? ??? ????.

  • ???? ??[54][55]
  • ?? ?? (?? ????[56] ? ?? ??[57])
  • ?????? ??:
    • ???? ??? ???? ?????? ? ????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??? ????.
    • ???? NATO? ISAF? ???? ?? ???????? ??? ??? ????, ?? ??, ?? ?? ??? ??, ??? ? ?? ???? ????.

?? 2002? 5? 28? NATO ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? NATO ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? "NATO ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???, ?????? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??, ?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ? ? ??"? ???. ?? ?? ?????? ???? "??? ??? ???? ?? ?? ???"? ????.[58][59]

??? ?? ? ??? ?? (2005–2013)

[??]

NATO-??? ??? 2004–2005? ?????? ??? ??? 2008? ???-??? ?? ?? ????? ?? ???? ????. ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ???.[60]

2005–2006

[??]

2005~2006? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? (?? #?? ? ?? ??). ? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ????? (?? #??? ?? ??).

2006? ??? ????? NATO ??? ?? ??? ??? ????. 2006? 11? 1?, ?? ??? ??? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ????? ????? "??? ??"?? ??? ?? ??? ????? (FSB)? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ???-210? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?????, 11? 23? ???? ????.[61] ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ????, ? ???? ???? ???? ? ???? ??. ?? ?? ???? ??? ????? (FSO)? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?? ???? ????. ???? ??? ??? ? ?? ???? ?????.[62] ??? ????? ??? ?????, ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???-?? ??? ?????.[63]

2007–2008

[??]
 ????? ??? 2007? ?? ?? ??? ??????.
2008? 4? 4? ???? ??????? ?? NATO–??? ??? ??

2007? ???? 1990? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ????.

2008? ???? 2008? ??? ????? ????[64] "?? ???? ???? ??? NATO ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?? ????. ???? ????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ????"? ???.[65] ???? ????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??? "?? ?, ?? ? ?? ?? ??? ? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??"?? ???? "??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???. ?? ??? ??? ???, ?? ?? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?"??? ???.[66]

???? ???? NATO ???? ???? ?? ???? 2008? 4? ????? ?????? NATO-??? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ????,[67] ?? ?? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ?? ??? ??? ????.

2008? ?, ?? W. ?? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?????? NATO ??? ???? ?????? ????.[68][69] ??? ??? NATO? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ? ??? ????. ????? ?????? NATO? ?? ??? ??? ??? ????.[70][71] ???? ???? ????? ???? 2008?? "??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?"??? ???.[72] ???? ???? ??? ????? ?????? NATO? ??? ?? ???-????? ??? "?? ??"? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?? ???? ????.[73]

2009–2013

[??]

2009? 1?, NATO ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? NATO-??? ???? "??? ??? ????? ??"??? ???. ?? ??? ? ??? ???? "??? ?? ??? ?? ? ?? ???? ??? ? ????? ?????? ???. ???? ?? ?? ???? ??"?? ???.[74]

2009? 5?, NATO? ??? ??? ? ?? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?? ?????. ?? ????? ??? NATO ?? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?????, ???? ????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ???.

????? ??? NATO ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ????. ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ? ?? ??.[75]

2009? 9?, ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??? ? ??? ???. ??? ??? ???? ????? ???? ??? 2007?? "[[[??? ?? ????|??]]?? ??????????? ????] ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ????, ?? ????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??? [???] ??? ?? ??? ?"??? ???.[76][77] ??? 2009? ??, ?? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???? NATO? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ? ??? ??? ???? ??? ? ???? ??? ??? ?? ????? ????.[77]

2009? 12?, NATO? ???????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?? ???????? ??(?? ?? ?? ??? ??)? ???? ?????? ??? ? ?? ????? ??? ? ??? ??? ????.[78] ??? ???? ??? ??? ?? ?? ???? ????.[79]

2011? ??? ?? ? ???? ????? ???? 2008? ???-??? ??? ???? ???? ???? NATO? ? ???? ???? ???? ????.[80]

2011? 6? 6?, NATO? ???? "??? ?? 2011"??? ???? ?? ? ?? ??? ??? ????. ?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ? ?? ?? ?? ????, ? ??? 2011? 5? 30?? ??? ?? ??? ?????.[81]

2011? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???? ????? ???[82]? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ??????. ??? "?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?1973?? ??? ?? ?? ??... ??? ?? ?? ????. ?? ??? ??? ??? ????"?? ???.[83]

2012? 4?, ????? ??????? ?? ??? ??? NATO?? ?? ??? ???? ??? ???.[84]

???? ?? ??

[??]
     CSTO ???
     NATO ???
     ???? ?? ??? ?? ?? (??????, ???, ??, ???, ?????)
     ???? ????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? (????, ????, ????, ???, ????, ?? ??), ?? ??? ??? ?? (???? ? ?????) ?? ???? ???? ???? ?? (????????, ????)

2014??? ???? ?????(2014?~??), ???(2015?~??), ????(2015?~2016?) ?? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??? ????.[85]

2014

[??]
2014? 6? ??? ???? ?? ?? ?? ????? ??? (??)? ??? ?? Su-27 ??? (??)? ???? ??
2014? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ? ??? ??? ???? ????? ??

2014? 3? ?, ???? ???? ??? ????? NATO? ??? ?? ??? ?????. NATO? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ???.[86] 2014? 4? 1?, NATO? NATO ?????? ??? ?? "NATO? ??? ?? ?? ???? ?? ? ?? ??? ????? ????. ??? ??? ??? NATO-??? ????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ? ???, ???? ? ??? ?? ?? ??? ????"? ????.[87][88] ? ??? ???? "?????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ????? ?? ? ?? ?? ??"? ????.[88] ???? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?????, ??? "??? ?? ??"? ????.[89][90]

2014? 3? 25?, ?? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??? ????, ???? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???? ????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ? ??? ???.[91] NATO ?????? ??? ? ??????? ???? ????? ??? "NATO? ???? ???? ?????? ?"??? ????, ???? ????? ? ??? "?2? ?? ?? ?? ???? ? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?"??? ???.[92] ??????? ???? ???? ???? NATO ???? ??? ???? ?? ?? ?? NATO? ???? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ???? ????. ?? ???? ?? ?5?? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??? NATO? ??? ????. ?? ?? ???? ????? ? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??, ?????? NATO ?? ???? ??? ??? "?? ??? ??"? ? ???? ???. ??????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?? ??? ????.[93]

2014? 4? 1?, NATO? ???? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?????, NATO-??? ???(NRC)? ???? ???.[94] 9? ? NATO 2014? ??? ?????? NATO-????? ???? "???? ????? ???? ???? '??'? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ????"? ?? ??? ????.[95] ? ??? ?? ??? 12? ? ????? ??????.[96]

11?? ??? ???? ???? ??(?? NATO ??) ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?????, 8?? ???? 40?? ????? ??? ??? ?????, ???? 3?? ????? ???? ??? ???? ?? 132?? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?????.[97] ??? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??[98]? ?? NATO? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ????.[99] ????? ??? ??? ???-??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???? ????.[100] 2015? 3?, ??? ??? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???? ???.[101]

7?, ??? 1987? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? (??? R-500, ????? ???)[102]? ????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ????.[103][103][104] 2015? 6? ?, ?? ???? ???? I.N.F. ?? ??? ???? ???? ????. ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ??.[105]

?? ??? 2014? 10? ???? ???? 1,643?? ???? ?? ?? ??? ???? ???(2011? 1,537??? ??), ?? ???? 1? ? ?? ???, 2000? ?? ???? ??? ????? ????. ??? ??? ??? 1,550?? ??? ??? ??? 2010? ? ??? ??? ??? ???.[106] ????? 2014? ???? ??? 1? ??? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ????? ?????, ???? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?? ??? ????.[107][108]

2014?, ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ? ?? ????.[109] ? ??? 10? 16??, ? ??? 12? 3?? ????. ? ??? ? ?? ????. ??? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? 2020? 10? 13?? ?????.[110] ?? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???, GRU 29155?? ?? ? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??? ?????.[111][112] 2024? 4? 29?, ??? ?? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ? ??? ??(??? NATO) ??? ?? ???? ???? ????? ????.[113]

2014? 12? 2?, NATO ?????? 2014? 9? ? NATO 2014? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ???('???????????')? ?????, ?? ??? ?? ???? NATO? ??? ???? ?? ????.[114][115] 2015? 6?, ????? ??? ?? ?? ???? NATO? 9?? 2,000? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ???? ???? ????.[116][117]

2014? ?, ??? ?? ?? ?? ???? ?????, ???? ??? ?? ??? NATO ??? ??? ?? ?? ???? ???? ???.[118][119]

2015

[??]

??????? 2015? 1? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ?? ????.[120]

2015? 2? ?, NATO ????? ???? ? ??? ???? ? ??? ?? ????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?? NATO ???? ??? ??? ??? ???.[121] ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ???? ? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???? ????? ??? ???.[122] 2? ??, ??? ??? ??????? ??? ??? NATO ???? ??? ?????? ??? ? ??? ???, "NATO? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??. NATO? ???? ??"? ????.[123] ??? ????? ??? ??? ??? ???, ?? ??? "? ????"? ????.[123]

2015? 3?, ???? 1990? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? NATO? ????? ????, 2007?? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?? "??"??? ???.[124][125]

?? ??? ???? 2016??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?????, ???? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??? ????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ? ?? ??? ?? ???? Tu-22M3('????') ??? ?? ??? ???? ????.[126] 2015? 4? ??? ??? ?? ? ?? ?? ? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??????, NATO? ?? ?? ??? ?? ???? ? ?? ?? ??? ?? ????. ??? ???? ??? "??? ???? ????? ??"?? ??? ??? ??? ????? ??? ?????.[127] ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?? ??? ????? ???? "??? ??? ?? ????? ????"? ????.[128]

2015? 4? 28??? 5? 4? ??? ??? GRU 29155??? ??? (NATO ??)?? ???? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?????, ?? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ???.[129] ????, ?? ??, ??? ?? ?? ???? ? ?? ?? ???? ?????.[130][131]

2015? 6?, ? ???? ??? ?? ???? ? ?? ?? ???? ????? ??? ?? ???. "??? ??? 2? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???. ??? ???? ? ????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ? ?????. ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??????."[132]

2015? 6? 16?, ??? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??? "??? ???? ???-NATO ???? ? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??"? ???? ????.[133]

2015? 6? ?, ??? ?? ? ??? ??? ????? ?? ? ??? ????, ?????, ????, ?????, ???, ????? ??, ???, ?? ? ???? ??? ???? ???.[134] ? ???? ?? ????? ?? NATO ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?????.[135] ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? "?? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??"?? ????,[136] ??? ???? ?? "????? ?????"? "??? ? ????? '??' ????? ??? ??"?? ????.[137]

??, ??? 2015? ???? ????? 40? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ????.[136] ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ? ????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ???, ???? 2010? ?????????(? ???)? ??? ???? ? ??? ???? ? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??? ????? ???.[138] ??? ???? ??? ?? ?? ?? ?? ????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ? ??? ????.[139]

??, 2015? 6? ?, ??? ??? MIRV ???, ??? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?????. ????? ?? ?? ?? SS-18 ?? ???? ???? ?? ????.[140] ?? ????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???, ??? ??? ????.[132]

?????? ?? ?? NATO? 2015? ?? ? ???? ?? ????? ??? ??? ???. "????? TV ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? Treaty ?5?? ?? NATO? ??? ???? ??? ?? ? ???? ??? ? ? ??... ?? ??? 2015? 10?? ?? ????."[141] ?? ????? ??? "??? ????, ??? ??? NATO ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? 75? ???? ?? ??? ????"? ????.[142]

11?, NATO ?? ?? ???? ?? ?? M. ????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??? "??? ???? ??"? ???.[143]

2015? 11? 24?, ????? ??? ??? ?? ? ?? ??? ????? ???? ??? ???? ????? NATO-??? ? ??? ?? ?????.[144] ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ????. ?? ?? NATO? ? ??? ?? ?? ??? ????. ??????? "??? ????? ???? NATO ???? ?? ??? ????"? ???.[145]

2015? 12? 2?, NATO ????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????, ?? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ?????.[146]

12?, ???? ???? ???? ????? ? ?? ??? ???? Tu-22M3('????') ??? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?? "????? ?? ???????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??"? ???? ???? ???.[147]

2016

[??]
 USS ??? ? § ?? ??? ??????.
1999??? ???? ??? ? ????? ?? ??? ???? ? ??? ?? ???? ???

2014? 6? ?? ???? 2016? 4? 20? ?? ????? NATO-??? ??? ?? ??, ???? ???? ??? ????? ??? ??? "?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?? ???, ??? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? NATO? ??"? ????, "???? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???, ?? ????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ????"? ???.[148][149][150] ???? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?? ????.[151]

?? ? ???? NATO ??? ???? ???? ?? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???, ?? ???? NATO? ??? ???? ??? ??? ????.[152] NATO ???? ?? ??????? "NATO? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??. ?? ??? ?? ??? ???"? ???.[153][154]

2016? 5? ???? ????? NATO ??? ?? ??? ? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??? ? ???? ???? ??? ???? "?? ? ?? ??? ???? ??"? ??, INF? ????? ???? ??? ?????. ?? "???? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??"? ???? ??? ???.[155]

2016? 6? ???? ?? ?? ?? ????? 68%? ???? ?? ? ??? ???? NATO ??? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??? ????.[156]

2016? 7? ?????? ?? NATO ????? 2017? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ? 3,000~4,000?? ???? ??? 4? ??? ?? ????, ? ?? ??? ????? ????? ?? ?? ? ?? ??? ???? ??? ????.[157] ??? ?? ??? ? ??? "???? ??? ???? ????? ??, ??, ??? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??"??? ????.[158] ? ????? "NATO? ??? ?? ?? ???? ?? ? ?? ??? ????, ????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ????"? NATO? ?? ??? ?????.[159]

?? ?? ? ?? ???? ?????? "???? ????? ???? ??? ??"? ???? "?? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??"? ?? ??? ????.[160] ??? ?? ????? ???? "??? ??? ??? ?? ??", ??? ??????? ??? ??? "??? ? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??? ????"? ???.[161] NATO ????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ????. NATO-????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?? ?? ??? ????, ??? ?? ??? ????, "?????? ?? ? ?? ??? ?? ????? ????? ??? ?? ??? ? ??? ??" ????? ?? ?? ???? ????.[162]

???? ???? ?? ?? ????? ???-NATO ??? ???? ???? NATO? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??? ????.[163] ???? ?? NATO ???? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ??? ????? ??? ???(?????)? ?? ? ????? ???.[164]

2016? 7?, ????? ??? ??? S-400 ?? ??? ??? ? ? 8? ???? ????? ?? ??? ????, ?? ?? ??? ??? ???/???? ??? ??? ???? ????.[165]

2016? 10? 16?, ??? ?? ?, ????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ????.[166] 2017? 9?, ? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??????, ???? ????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ? ?? ?????. ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ????.[167][168][169] ? ??? ????? ????? ? ???? ??? ?????? NATO ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ????,[170] ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ???.[171][172][173][174][175] ? ??? 2019?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??????.[176] ????? ??? ? ??? ?? ??? (RISS)? ??? ????? (SVR)? ??? ??? ??? ???, ? ??? ??? ??? ?? ? ??? ??? ?????. 2017? 11? ?, ????? ?? ??? ???? RISS ??? ???? P. ??????? ?????, ?? SVR? ?? ??? ????.[177][178] 2019? 5? ?? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???. 2016? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? 10?? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?? ? ?? ????? ?? ? ????. GRU? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? NATO ?? ??? ???? ? ?? ?? 10?? ????? ???? ??? ??? ? ?? ???.[179]

2017

[??]
2017? 3? 21? ??? D.C. ????? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ? ??? ??

2017? 2? 18?, ??? ??? ?? ???? ????? NATO ???? ?? ?? ??? ????? ???.[180] 2017? 3? ?, NATO-??? ???? ??? ????? ?? NATO ???? ??? ?? ???.[181] 2017? 7?, ???? ????? ?? ???. ?? ? NATO ???? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ?????, ??????, ??? ? ?? ??? ?? "???? ???? ??"? ???? ???.[182] ??? ?? ???? ???/????? ??? 2017 ??, ??? NATO? ????? ??? 2017 ??? ?? ?????.[183]

2017? 8? ?, NATO? ?????, ????, ?????, ???? ?? NATO? 4? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?? ????? ????. ?? 2016? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ????.[184]

2017? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ????? ???? ????????? ?? ???? ??? 2017 ??? "??? ???? ?? ?????"? ????. ??? ??? ???? ????? ?? 100,000?? ?? ? ??? ?? ?????, ???? ???? ????? ?? ?? ?? 100,000? ???? ?? ? ???.[185]

2018–2020

[??]

2018? 2?, ?? ?????? NATO ????? "??? ?? NATO ???????? [???????] ??? ?? ???, ??? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?? ???? ? ?? ????"? ???.[186] ??????? ????? ?? 2018? ???-?? ????? ????.[187] ?? NATO? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???.[188]

2018? 3? 4? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??(NATO ??)? ?? ???? ??????? 2018? 3? 27? NATO? ???? ??? NATO ????? ??? ??? 7?? ??? ???? ????. ??, ???? 3?? ??? ?? NATO? ??? ?????. ???? NATO? ??? ?? ??? ????.[189] ?? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ????.[190][191] ?? ??? GRU? ?? 29155??? ???? ????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ????.[192]

??? ??? ???? 2018? 10? 20? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ????.[193][194][195] ?? ???? SSC-8(???? 9M729)?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ????.[196][197] ??? ???? ? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??, ?? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ????? ????.[193][198][199] ??? 2019? 2? 1? ????? ??? ?????,[200] ???? ? ?? ? ?? ???? ????.[201] ??? 2019? 8? 2? ????? ???? ????.[202]

2019? 4?, NATO ???? ??????? ?? ?? ?? ???? "?? ????" ???? ???? ??? ??? ?? ?????, ???? ??? ??? ??, ?? ??? ?? ??, ?? ?? ??, ??? ??? ?????.[203][204]

2019? 8? 23? ??? ?? ???? ???? ????? ???? ? ?? ??? ??? ??? ????? ?? NATO ???? ?????. ?2? ?? ?? ?? ????? ?? ???? ? ????? 2008? ???-??? ?? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ? ???? ? ??? ????? ???? ??? ?? 26?? ? ?? ??? ???. ? ?? ???, ? ?? ??? ???. ???, ?? ??? ? ?? ??, ??? ??? ???? ??? ????? ????.[205] ?? ??? ?? 56?? ??? ?? "?? ????"? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?? ?????.[206][207] ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ????? ?? ? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ????.[208][209]

2019? 9?, ??? ???? ???? ????? "??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??"? ???.[210] ?? NATO? ??? ??? ?? ? ?? ?? ??? ????? ???? ???? ????? ???(?, ?? ??? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ?????), "??? ??? ????? ????, ??? ??? NATO? ?? ??? ???? ????? ??? ??? ?"??? ???.[211]

2021? ??

[??]
 ?????? NATO ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ? ??? ?? ??? ????.

2021

[??]
 ? ??? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?????.

2021? 3??? ????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?????. 4? 13?, ?? ?????? NATO ????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?? ????.[212][213] ??? ??? ?? ???? ???? ???? NATO? "???? ???? ?? ??"? ???? "?? ??"? ?? ?? ??? ??? ????? ???.[214] ?? ? ?? ???? ?? ? NATO ?? ?? ?? ? ??? ???-?? 21? 2021? 3? ??? ???? 2021? 6??? ?????. ? ??? ?????, ????, ???? ? ?? ??? "30? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??"? ????.[214][215]

2021? 10? 6?, NATO? "??? ?? ??"?? ??? ??? ??? 8?? ????, ???? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?? ?? ??? ???? ???? ????. 8?? ???? 10? ??? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?????, ??? ??? ?????. ?? ??? ? ?? ??? ?????. ?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? NATO ?? ?? ??? 10??? ?????.[216] 2021? 10? 18?, ???? NATO ??? ??? ?? ???? NATO ?? ??? ???? ????? ?? NATO ??? ??? ????.[2]

2022? 1? 2021?-2022? ???-????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?? NATO-??? ???

2021? 11?, ????? ?? ??? ???? NATO ??? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ????. ?? ????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ????? ? ? ?? ??? ? ?? ???? ???? ????? ???? ??? ? ??? ???. ??? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???.[217][218][219] ??? ??? ?? ????? "INF ??? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ?? NATO ?? ??? ??? ? ?? ?? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ???"?? ???. ?? "???? ???? ?? ? ??? ???? ?? ? ??? ?????"? ????.[220]

??? ? ??? ?? ????? NATO? ?????? ?????? "??? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??"?? ???? ?? ??? ????.[221] ?? ?????? NATO ????? "?????? NATO? ??? ??? ????? ?????? 30? NATO ????? ????. ???? ????, ???? ???, ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??"? ???.[222][223]

2021? 12?, ??? ??? NATO? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ????, ????? ?? ? ?? ??? NATO? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??.[224] ? ???? ? ??? ?? NATO? ?? ??? ????. ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???, "???? ???? ? ??? ?? ??" ?? ????? ??? ????.[224][225] ?? ?? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?? ???? "??"?? ????? ??? ?? ??? ????.[224] ?? ????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ????.[226] ?? ??? ??? NATO??? "??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??"?? ??? ????.[227] ???? ???? ???? ????? "???? ?? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ? ?? ??? ???? ? ?"??? ????.[228]

2022–??

[??]
NATO ??? (??), NATO ??? ????? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?? (???, ???), ??? ??? ?? CSTO (??), 2024? ??

2022? 1? 12?, NATO-??? ???? ???? NATO ???? ???? ?? ????? ?? ?? ??? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ???. ? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? NATO ???? ?? ??????, ??? ??? ??? ?? ????? ????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?????.[229][230]

NATO? 1? 25? ???? ?? ????? ????, ?? "?? ??"? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ????? ???. NATO? ???? ????? ????, ??? ?? ? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?? ????. ?, ???? ????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?????.[231] ???? ??? ???? ???. 2022? 2? 16? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ????, ?? ?????? NATO ????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???.[232]

2022? 2? 21? ????? ??? ?? ???? ??? NATO? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ????.[233]

2022? 2? 24?, ?? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?? ?, ??? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ????. ?? ?2? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??????, NATO? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?????. ?? ???? ??? NATO? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?? ????. ???? ?? NATO ???? ???, ?????, ????, ?????, ?????, ???, ????? ??? ????.[234]

???? ??? ?? ???? ???? NATO ??? ??? ????? ???? ????. 2022? 2? 26?, ???? ?? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???.[235] 2022? 5? 16?, ? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?, NATO? ???? CSTO ?????? ????? ??? ??? ?? ???.

???? ?? ???(???? ???)? ??? ??? ???, ??? ??? ???? [NATO?] ??? ???? ??? ???? ???, ? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ????.

—?????? ??[236]

2022? NATO ???? ????? ???? ??-??? ??? ?? "???? ??"?? ???? NATO ???? 300,000??? ??? ?? ?????, ? ? ?? ??? NATO ????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?????.[237][238][239][240] ??, ?? ?? ?? ??? ???? ????? NATO ?? ? ??? "?? ?"??? ?? ? ??????, ?? ?? ??? ???(?? ??)? ?? ???? ????.[241]

?? ??? ????? ????? ??? NATO? ??? ? ?2? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ????.[242][243] ?? ?? ????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ???.

??? NATO? ????? ??? 2022?? ?????? ???? ???. ?? NATO? ???, ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?????, ???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??? ????. ?? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ???, ???? ??? ????, ?????? ???? ????, NATO? ???? ????.[244]

2023? 12?, ??? ????? ??? ??? ???? ???? NATO ??? "??? ???? ??"? ?? ?? ????? ???. ?? ?? ???? NATO ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ????.[244]

??? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? 2024?? "??? ?????? '??? ? ?? NATO ??'? ?????? ???? NATO? ??? ???? ?? ?? ?? ??. ??? ? ?? ?? ? ? ???? ???"?? ???.[245]

2024? 7? 28?, ????? ?? ??? ???? ??? 2026??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?? ? ?? ??? ??? ? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ????.[246]

2024?? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??? ? ?? ????? ???? AG? CEO? ?? ??? ??? ???? ????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ????.[247][248]

2024? 10?, ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ????. ?? NATO? ???? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ?? ??? ???? ???.[249]

2024?? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?????, ???? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?????.[250][251][252] ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ? ?? "GRU ??"? ??????, ??? ???? EU ??? ???? ?? ?? EU ???? ??? ????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??.[253] 2024? 10? ??? ?? ??? (ABW)? ???? ??? ???? ? ?? ??? 16?? ??????, 2024??? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ???? 20? ??? ?? ???? "??"??? ???.[254] ?? 2024? 10?, ?? ????? ??? VSquare? ??????? ?????? ??? GRU ???? ??? 390 ?? ?? ?? ??? NATO ?? ?? ??? ???? ??? ????.[255]

2025? 4?, ???? ?? ?? ?? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?? NATO? "??"? ??? ?? ???? NATO ??? ??? ???? ????. ?? ???, ?????, ????, ?????? "?? ?? ??? ?? ?"??? ????.[256]

??? ??

[??]

?? ?? (1991–2004)

[??]
2002? ?? ????

???? NATO ???? ??? ????? ?? ? ??? ????, ??? ?? ????? ?? ?? ?? ?????.[257] 1990? 2?, ?? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ????? ??? ???? ???? ? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?????? "??? NATO? ??? ??? ?? ???, ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ???? ???... ??? ??? NATO? ??? ?? ????"?? ???. ??? ???? ? ???? "?"?? ????.[258] 1991? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ???? NATO? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? NATO ???? ????.[259] 1993? ? ???? ??? ???? NATO ????? NATO? "???? ???"? ????? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??? ???, ?? ??? ??????? ?? ? ??? ???? NATO? ?? "?? ??? ???? ??"? ? ? ??? ????.[260]

1990?? ?? NATO ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???? NATO? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???. ?? NATO? ??? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???. ?? "???? ?? 15-20,000?? ?? 50?? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ? ??? ???. NATO? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??? ? ??, ??? ????? ?? ??. ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ? ??"? ????.[261]

???? ??? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?? ???? 2000? ? ??? ???? ????? ???? ? ???? NATO? ??? ???? ????? ???.[262][263] ??? 2000? ?? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? BBC ????? NATO? ??? ????? ???? ???. "???? ?? ??? ????. ??? ?? ? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?? ??? ? ??."[264] 2009??? 2014??? ???? ?? ?? ????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ???, ?? ??? ??? 2000~2001?? ??? ???? NATO? ???? ? ???? ?? ??? ??.[263]

?? (2005–2013)

[??]

2006? 10? 7?, ??? ?? ??, ?? ?2? ?? ?? (1999–2005)? ?? ???? ??? ???[265] ?? ??????? ??? ??? ??????? ??????, ?? ???? ??? ???.[266][267][268][269] 2009? 3? ????? ????? ??? ????? ???? NATO ??? ????, ???? ??? NATO ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ????, ?? NATO?? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?? ????? ???. ?? "???? ??? ???? ??, ??? ????. ???? ??? ????? ???"? ????. ??? ?? ??? (???? ???? ??? ?? ??)? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ? ???? NATO? "???"? ??? ???? ???.[74] 2009? 11?, ???? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ???? ? ??? ????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ????.[270] 2008? ?? ??? 11???? ?? ?? ? ??? ???? ??, ?? ? ?? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?? ? ??? ??? ?????.[271][272][273] ?? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?????. ???? ???? ???? NATO ?? ??? 2010? ? ?? ?? ?? ????? ???? ? ?? ???? ?????. ??? NATO? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ???? ????? ????.[274] ??, ??? 2012? ??????? ???? ????.

??? ?? (2014–??)

[??]
   ???
   ???? "???? ??"? ?? ??. ??? ?? ?? ? ??? 2022? ???? ????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??? ????.[275]
  ???
  ?????
  ?????? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??
  ?????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??

??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?? "???? ??"[276]? "????"? ???? ?? NATO ???? ???? ?? ? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???.[277] ???? ??? ???? ??? ?-?????? ?? ????, ???? "??"?? "???" ??? ??? ??, ?? "??? ??/??" (????: Русский мир)? ???? ???? ??? ????? ???, ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? "?? ??"? ????? ????.[278] ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???, ??? ???? ????.[279] ???? ??? ???? ?? NATO ???? ??????, ??? ?? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ????.[280] ?? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???.[280][281] ????? ??????? ????? ????? ????.[277]

???? RT, ??? ???? (????? ??), ??? ?? ?? ????? ???[282] ?? ?? ??? ????? ??? ???? ????.[283][284] ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??????.[285][286] 2014?, ???? ??? ??? ???????? ??? ??? ??? ? ??? ?? ??? ??? ????.[287] ???? ?? ??? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??? ????, ???? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? 20%? ?? ???? ????.[288] 2015? 1?, ??, ???, ?????, ?????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?? ????, NATO? ???? ??? ??? ?? "???? ???"? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?? ????.[289] 2015? 1? 19?, ?? ?? ?? ??·?? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?????, ??????, ????, ???, ???, ??????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??? ????? ???.[290] 2016? 3?, ??? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?? "??? ?? ??"? "???"? ??? ??? ????.

2015? 2? 27?, ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ?????.[a][291] ?? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ? ?? ?? ?????.[292][293] ???? ? 3? ?? 2? 10?, ???? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??? 87? ???? ??? ??? ??? ? ?????? ??. ?? ?? ?? ???? ? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ????.[294][295][296] ??? ?? ?? ? ?, ?? ??, ?, ??? ?? ????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?? ?? ???? ?????.[297] BBC ??? ?? ??? ?? ?? ????. "???? ????? ?? ??? ?????, ??? ?? ??? ?????, 3? 1? ?????? ??? ? ??? ????."[295] ??? ?? ??? ? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ????.[298] ??? ??? ???, ???? ?? ? ????? ??-???, ???? ???, ???? ???? ????? ??? FSB ?? ?? ?????? ??.[299] ? ???? ???? ?? ??? ????? ???? "??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??"? ???, ? ??? "??? ?? ?"???? ???.[300] ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ???. "?? ?????, ?? ????? ?????. ??? ?? ???? ??? ????, [??] ??? ??? ??, ????, ??? ??? ??? ????."[301]

???? ?? ????? 2019?? "???? ????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ? ?? ?, NATO? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??? ? ??"? ???.[263] 2019? ????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ???? NATO? ???? ?? ?? "?? ??? ??? ?? ? ??"??, "?? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??, ?? ?????? ?????"? ????.[302] ??? ???? 2020?? NATO? ??? ????? ????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ????? ????. 2009? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?????. ??, ???? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?????.[303][304] ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? "????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??"? ??, "NATO? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?, ????? ??? ?? [??] ??"?? "?? ?? ??? ??"? ???? ??.[305] ?? ??? ?? ??? ????, ??? ???? ??? ????, ??? ??? ????? ???? ??? ???? ? ?? ?? ??? ???? ????.[305] 2021? 11? 4?, 1999??? 2003??? NATO? ???? ??? ? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ???. "??? '?? ??? NATO? ??? ????'?? ???... ??? ???? ?? ?? ?? ?? ???? ????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?????"?? ?? ???.[264][306]

2022? ???? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??? ?????.

?? ? ??

[??]
 ???-?? ?? ?? ? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??????.

???? 1990??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ????? ????. 2006? ???? ? ??? ?? ?? ??(2009? ??)?? ???? ????? ??? ?? ??(???? ??? ??????? ??? ??).[307] ? ?? ???? ? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ???? ????,[308] ?? 2019–2022?? ???? ?? ??? ????.

??? ??? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???? ???, ???? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??. ???? ?? ???? 1991? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ????. ??? ???? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ????. 2005??? ???? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ????, ? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ????. ??? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ???, ??? ??? ?? NATO ??? ??? ???. ???? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?????, ???? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??.[309] 2006? 12?, ???? ?????? ?? ?3? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???.[310] 2009? 8? 20?, ???? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?? ???? ? ??? ??? ????? ????.[311] ???? ?? ??? NATO ??? ?? ??? ?????,[312] ?? ? ?? ?? ???? ??? ???? ? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?? ????.[313]

1998? ???? 8? ?? ??? ??? G8? ?????, ? ? 6??? NATO ???????, 2014? ??? ??? ?????. 2012? ???? ?? ? ?? ????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??????? ????. ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?????, ?? ? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ?????. ???? ?? ????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?????, ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ????. ?? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ???? ???.[314]

???? ?? ??, ?? ??(??? NATO ??)? ???? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ???. ? ??, ???? G8??? ?????.[315] ??? ? ?? ??? ????.[316] ?? ??? 2014? ?? ?? ?? ??? ????? ???? 2014?-2016? ??? ?? ??? ????.[316] 2022? ???? ????? ?? ?? NATO ????? ???? ?? ??? ????. ???? ?? ?? ???? ????? ??? NATO ????? ?? ?? ???? ?? “????” ??? ?????.

???? NATO ????? ?? ??

[??]

?? ??

[??]

???

[??]
  1. ↑ ?? 55° 44′ 58″ ?? 37° 37′ 27″? / ??? 55.7495° ?? 37.62421° ? / 55.7495; 37.62421

??

[??]
  1. ↑ “The NATO Russian Founding Act | Arms Control Association”. 《www.armscontrol.org》. 2024? 4? 6?? ???. 
  2. ↑ ? ? “Russia suspends its mission at NATO, shuts alliance's office” (??). AP. 2021? 10? 18?. 2021? 10? 19?? ???. 
  3. ↑ Chernova, Anna; Fox, Kara. “Russia suspending mission to NATO in response to staff expulsions”. CNN. 2021? 10? 19?? ???. 
  4. ↑ Sarotte, Mary Elise (2014). 《A Broken Promise? What the West Really Told Moscow About NATO Expansion》. 《Foreign Affairs》 93. 90–97?. ISSN 0015-7120. JSTOR 24483307. 
  5. ↑ Goldgeier J, Shifrinson JRI. Evaluating NATO enlargement: Scholarly debates, policy implications, and roads not taken Evaluating NATO Enlargement: From Cold War Victory to the Russia-Ukraine War: Springer International Publishing; 2023. p. 1-42 doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-23364-7_1.
  6. ↑ Zollmann, Florian (2023? 12? 30?). 《A war foretold: How Western mainstream news media omitted NATO eastward expansion as a contributing factor to Russia's 2022 invasion of the Ukraine》. 《Media, War & Conflict》 (??) 17. 373–392?. doi:10.1177/17506352231216908. ISSN 1750-6352.  This article incorporates text from this source, which is available under the CC BY 4.0 license.
  7. ↑ Korshunov, Maxim (2014? 10? 16?). “Mikhail Gorbachev: I am against all walls”. 《rbth.com》. 2024? 5? 12?? ???. 
  8. ↑ ? ? ? Goldgeier J, Shifrinson JRI. Evaluating NATO enlargement: From cold war victory to the Russia-Ukraine war: Springer International Publishing; 2023. 1-645 p doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-23364-7.
  9. ↑ “Old adversaries become new partners”. 《NATO》. 
  10. ↑ Iulian, Raluca Iulia (2017? 8? 23?). 《A Quarter Century of Nato-Russia Relations》. 《Cbu International Conference Proceedings》 (??) 5. 633–638?. doi:10.12955/cbup.v5.998. ISSN 1805-9961. 
  11. ↑ “First NATO Secretary General in Russia”. 《NATO》. 
  12. ↑ “Memorandum of Telephone Conversation, Bush-Yeltsin, December 8, 1991 | National Security Archive”. 《nsarchive.gwu.edu》. 
  13. ↑ “Agreements establishing the Commonwealth of Independent States”. 《www.venice.coe.int》. 
  14. ↑ “Единый реестр правовых актов и других документов Содружества Независимых Государств”. 《cis.minsk.by》. 
  15. ↑ “СССР прекратил существование, 11 республик вступают в СНГ”. 
  16. ↑ “Единый реестр правовых актов и других документов Содружества Независимых Государств”. 《cis.minsk.by》. 
  17. ↑ “NATO's Relations With Russia”. NATO Public Diplomacy Division, Belgium. 2017? 4? 6?. 2017? 5? 26?? ???. 
  18. ↑ “NATO Strategic Concept for the Defence and Security of the Members of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization” (PDF). NATO Public Diplomacy Division, Belgium. 2010? 11? 20?. 2017? 5? 26?? ???. 
  19. ↑ “The NATO-Russia Archive - Formal NATO-Russia Relations”. Berlin Information-Center For Translantic Security (BITS), Germany. 2016? 4? 22?? ???. 
  20. ↑ “NATO PfP Signatures by Date”. NATO Public Diplomacy Division, Belgium. 2012? 1? 10?. 2016? 4? 22?? ???. 
  21. ↑ “Cable from U.S. Embassy Moscow to State Department, "President's Dinner with President Yeltsin," [January 13], Novo-Ogarevo, January 14, 1994 | National Security Archive”. 《nsarchive.gwu.edu》. 
  22. ↑ “Рассекреченная стенограмма: Ельцин попросил, чтобы Россия первой присоединилась к НАТО, раз альянс расширяется на восток”. 《BFM.ru - деловой портал》. 
  23. ↑ “Ельцин заявлял Клинтону, что Россия "должна первой вступить в НАТО"”. 《РБК》. 2024? 1? 26?. 
  24. ↑ “Выступление президента России в ООН”. 《www.kommersant.ru》. 1994? 9? 28?. 
  25. ↑ Kozyrev, Andrei (2019). “Russia and NATO Enlargement: An Insider's Account” (PDF). 
  26. ↑ Whitney, Craig R. (1995? 11? 9?). “Russia Agrees To Put Troops Under U.S., Not NATO”. 《?? ???》. 2015? 5? 26?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 
  27. ↑ Jones, James L. (2003? 7? 3?). “Peacekeeping: Achievements and Next Steps”. 《NATO》. 
  28. ↑ ? ? “Lessons and Conclusions on the Execution of IFOR Operations and Prospects for a Future Combined Security System: The Peace and Stability of Europe after IFOR” (PDF). 《Foreign Military Studies Office》. November 2000. 4?. 
  29. ↑ Shevtsov, Leonty (1997? 6? 21?). “Russian Participation in Bosnia-Herzegovina”. 
  30. ↑ Joulwan, George (1997? 6? 21?). “The New NATO: The Way Ahead”. I firmly believe that our cooperation at SHAPE and in Bosnia was instrumental in the creation of the NATO-Russia Founding Act, which was signed in May 1997 in Paris. As NATO's Deputy Secretary General said, 'Political reality is finally catching up with the progress you at SHAPE had already made.' 
  31. ↑ Ronald D. Azmus, Opening NATO's Door (2002) p. 210.
  32. ↑ Strobe Talbott, The Russia Hand: A Memoir of Presidential Diplomacy (2002) p. 246.
  33. ↑ Fergus Carr and Paul Flenley, "NATO and the Russian Federation in the new Europe: the Founding Act on Mutual Relations." Journal of Communist Studies and Transition Politics 15.2 (1999): 88–110.
  34. ↑ Kristensen, Hans M.; Korda, Matt; Johns, Eliana; Knight, Mackenzie (2023? 11? 2?). 《Nuclear weapons sharing, 2023》. 《Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists》 79. 393–406?. doi:10.1080/00963402.2023.2266944. ISSN 0096-3402. 2025? 7? 16?? ???. 
  35. ↑ “5/15/97 Fact Sheet: NATO-Russia Founding Act”. 《1997-2001.state.gov》. 2022? 5? 31?? ???. 
  36. ↑ ? ? “NATO Publications”. 《www.nato.int》. 2022? 5? 28?? ???. 
  37. ↑ “Nato-Russia Council - Documents & Glossaries”. 《www.nato.int》. 2022? 5? 28?? ???. 
  38. ↑ The NATO-Russia Joint Editorial Working Group (2021? 6? 8?). “NATO-Russia Glossary of Contemporary Political and Military Terms” (PDF). 
  39. ↑ “Yeltsin: Russia will not use force against Nato”. 《The Guardian》. 1999? 3? 25?. 
  40. ↑ “Yeltsin warns of possible world war over Kosovo”. 《CNN》. 1999? 4? 9?. 2002? 1? 7?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 
  41. ↑ “Russia Condemns NATO's Airstrikes”. 《Associated Press》. 1999? 6? 8?. 
  42. ↑ Jackson, Mike (2007). 〈Back to the Balkans〉. 《Soldier》. Transworld Publishers. 216–254?. ISBN 9780593059074. 
  43. ↑ “Confrontation over Pristina airport”. BBC News. 2000? 3? 9?. 
  44. ↑ Peck, Tom (2010? 11? 15?). “Singer James Blunt 'prevented World War 3'”. 《???? ?????》. 
  45. ↑ “Chechen resistance broken, says Putin”. 《BBC News》. 2000? 3? 5?. 2000? 12? 8?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 
  46. ↑ Stephen, Mulvey (2000? 3? 5?). “Analysis: Putin wants respect”. 《BBC News》. 2000? 12? 8?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 
  47. ↑ “Почему бы и нет?”. 《BBC Russian》. 2000? 3? 5?. 2004? 11? 26?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 
  48. ↑ Hall, Todd (September 2012). 《Sympathetic States: Explaining the Russian and Chinese Responses September 11》. 《Political Science Quarterly》 (??) 127. 369–400?. doi:10.1002/j.1538-165X.2012.tb00731.x. 
  49. ↑ “NATO–Russia Council Statement 28 May 2002” (PDF). 《NATO》. 2002? 5? 28?. 2022? 2? 3?? ?? ?? (PDF)?? ??? ??. 2022? 2? 3?? ???. 
  50. ↑ ? ? “Nato-Russia Council - About”. 《www.nato.int》. 2022? 5? 31?? ???. 
  51. ↑ NATO. “NATO - Official text: Founding Act on Mutual Relations, Cooperation and Security between NATO and the Russian Federation signed in Paris, France, 27-May.-1997”. 《NATO》. 2016? 4? 22?? ???. 
  52. ↑ Cook, Lorne (2017? 5? 25?). “NATO: The World's Largest Military Alliance Explained”. 《www.MilitaryTimes.com》. The Associated Press, US. 2017? 5? 26?? ???. 
  53. ↑ “Structure of the NATO-Russia Council” (PDF). 2022? 5? 30?? ???. 
  54. ↑ “Nato Blog | Dating Council”. 《www.nato-russia-council.info》. 2009? 2? 8?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 
  55. ↑ “Nat-o Blog | Dating Council”. 《www.nato-russia-council.info》. 
  56. ↑ “Nato Blog | Dating Council”. 《www.nato-russia-council.info》. 2009? 2? 8?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 
  57. ↑ “Allies and Russia attend U.S. Nuclear Weapons Accident Exercise”. 2008? 8? 28?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2008? 12? 3?? ???. 
  58. ↑ “NATO Summit Meetings - Rome, Italy - 28 May 2002”. 《www.nato.int》. 2024? 10? 26?? ???. 
  59. ↑ Ukraine News The Chronicles of War (2022? 6? 24?). 《путин о вступлении Украины в НАТО.》. 2024? 10? 26?? ??? – YouTube ??. 
  60. ↑ Zwack, Peter B. (Spring 2004). 《A NATO-Russia Contingency Command》. 《Parameters》. 89?. 
  61. ↑ ??? ?? ??: First murder by radiation:
    On 23 November 2006, Lieutenant Colonel Alexander Litvinenko, a retired member of the Russian security services (FSB), died from radiation poisoning in London, UK, becoming the first known victim of lethal Polonium 210-induced acute radiation syndrome.
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  63. ↑ Chapter 2. Rights and Freedoms of Man And Citizen | The Constitution of the Russian Federation. Constitution.ru. Retrieved on 12 August 2013.
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  65. ↑ In quotes: Kosovo reaction, BBC News Online, 17 February 2008.
  66. ↑ “Putin calls Kosovo independence 'terrible precedent'”. ??? ?? ???. 2008? 2? 23?. 
  67. ↑ “NATO's relations with Russia”. 
  68. ↑ “Ukraine: NATO's original sin”. 《Politico》. 2021? 11? 23?. 
  69. ↑ Menon, Rajan (2022? 2? 10?). “The Strategic Blunder That Led to Today's Conflict in Ukraine” (?? ??). ISSN 0027-8378. 2022? 5? 15?? ???. 
  70. ↑ Bush backs Ukraine on Nato bid, BBC ?? (2008? 4? 1?)
  71. ↑ Ukraine Says 'No' to NATO, ? ???? (2010? 3? 29?)
  72. ↑ “Medvedev warns on Nato expansion”. 《BBC News》. 2008? 3? 25?. 2010? 5? 20?? ???. 
  73. ↑ “Bush stirs controversy over NATO membership”. 《CNN》. 2008? 4? 1?. 
  74. ↑ ? ? Pop, Valentina (2009? 4? 1?). “Russia does not rule out future NATO membership”. EUobserver. 2009? 5? 1?? ???. 
  75. ↑ “Nato-Russia relations plummet amid spying, Georgia rows”. 2009? 5? 1?? ???. 
  76. ↑ “Военные считают ПРО в Европе прямой угрозой России – Мир – Правда.Ру”. Pravda.ru. 2007? 8? 22?. 2011? 12? 4?? ???. 
  77. ↑ ? ? “Q&A: US missile defence”. 《BBC News》. 2009? 9? 20?. 2010? 5? 20?? ???. 
  78. ↑ NATO chief asks for Russian help in Afghanistan ??? Retrieved on 9 March 2010
  79. ↑ Angela Stent, The Limits of Partnership: U.S.-Russian Relations in the Twenty-First Century (2014) pp 230–232.
  80. ↑ “Medvedev: August War Stopped Georgia's NATO Membership”. ?? ???. 2011? 11? 21?. 2024? 7? 17?? ???. 
  81. ↑ “Russian and Nato jets to hold first ever joint exercise”. 《Telegraph》. 2011? 6? 1?. 2022? 1? 12?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2016? 4? 22?? ???. 
  82. ↑ “Nato rejects Russian claims of Libya mission creep”. 《The Guardian》. 2011? 4? 15?. 
  83. ↑ "West in "medieval crusade" on Gaddafi: Putin ??? 23 3? 2011 - ??? ??." ? ??? (???). 2011? 3? 21?.
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  85. ↑ RAND, Russia's Hostile Measures: Combating Russian Gray Zone Aggression Against NATO in the Contact, Blunt, and Surge Layers of Competition (2020) online
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  87. ↑ “Ukraine Crisis: NATO Suspends Russia Co-operation”. BBC News, UK. 2014? 4? 2?. 2014? 4? 2?? ???. 
  88. ↑ ? ? “Statement by NATO Foreign Ministers - 1 April 2014”. 《NATO》. 
  89. ↑ “Address by President of the Russian Federation”. 《President of Russia》. 
  90. ↑ “Why the Kosovo "precedent" does not justify Russia's annexation of Crimea”. 《Washington Post》. 
  91. ↑ Lars Molteberg Glomnes (2014? 3? 25?). “Stoltenberg med hard Russland-kritikk” [Stoltenberg was met with fierce criticism from Russia]. 《Aftenposten》 (?????). 2014? 3? 29?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 
  92. ↑ “Stoltenberg: – Russlands annektering er en brutal p?minnelse om Natos viktighet” [Stoltenberg: – Russia's annexation is a brutal reminder of the importance of NATO]. 《Aftenposten》 (?????). 2014? 3? 28?. 2014? 3? 29?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 
  93. ↑ Tron Strand, Anders Haga; Kjersti Kvile, Lars Kvamme (2014? 3? 28?). “Stoltenberg frykter russiske raketter” [Stoltenberg fears of Russian missiles]. 《???? ???》 (?????). 2014? 3? 31?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 
  94. ↑ “NATO-Russia Relations: The Background” (PDF). NATO. March 2020. 2021? 6? 11?? ???. 
  95. ↑ Joint Statement of the NATO-Ukraine Commission, 2014? 9? 4?.
  96. ↑ Joint statement of the NATO-Ukraine Commission, 2014? 12? 2?.
  97. ↑ MacAskill, Ewen (2014? 11? 9?). “Close military encounters between Russia and the west 'at cold war levels'”. 《???》 (UK). 2014? 12? 28?? ???. 
  98. ↑ “Russia Baltic military actions 'unprecedented' - Poland”. UK: BBC ??. 2014? 12? 28?. 2014? 12? 28?? ???. 
  99. ↑ “Four RAF Typhoon jets head for Lithuania deployment”. UK: BBC ??. 2014? 4? 28?. 2014? 12? 28?? ???. 
  100. ↑ “U.S. asks Vietnam to stop helping Russian bomber flights”. Reuters. 2015? 3? 11?. 2015? 4? 12?? ???. 
  101. ↑ “Russian Strategic Bombers To Continue Patrolling Missions”. ??????. 2015? 3? 2?. 2015? 3? 2?? ???. 
  102. ↑ Schwartz, Paul N. (2014? 10? 16?). “Russian INF Treaty Violations: Assessment and Response”. 2016? 4? 22?? ???. 
  103. ↑ ? ? Gordon, Michael R. (2014? 7? 28?). “U.S. Says Russia Tested Cruise Missile, Violating Treaty”. 《?? ???》 (USA). 2015? 1? 4?? ???. 
  104. ↑ “US and Russia in danger of returning to era of nuclear rivalry”. 《???》 (UK). 2015? 1? 4?. 2015? 1? 4?? ???. 
  105. ↑ Gordon, Michael R. (2015? 6? 5?). “U.S. Says Russia Failed to Correct Violation of Landmark 1987 Arms Control Deal”. 《?? ???》 (US). 2015? 6? 7?? ???. 
  106. ↑ Bodner, Matthew (2014? 10? 3?). “Russia Overtakes U.S. in Nuclear Warhead Deployment”. 《???? ???》 (Moscow). 2014? 12? 28?? ???. 
  107. ↑ The Trillion Dollar Nuclear Triad ??? 23 1? 2016 - ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??: ????? ????. 2014? 1?.
  108. ↑ Broad, William J.; Sanger, David E. (2014? 9? 21?). “U.S. Ramping Up Major Renewal in Nuclear Arms”. 《?? ???》 (USA). 2015? 1? 5?? ???. 
  109. ↑ “Russian military attack on the Czech territory: details, implications and next steps” (PDF). 《Kremlin Watch Report》. 2021? 4? 21?. 2021? 4? 21?? ?? ?? (PDF)?? ??? ??.  Alt URL
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  111. ↑ “Czechia expels Russian diplomats over 2014 ammunition depot blast”. 《???? ????》. 2021? 4? 17?. 2021? 4? 17?? ???. 
  112. ↑ Eckel, Mike; Bedrov, Ivan; Komarova, Olha (2021? 4? 18?). “A Czech Explosion, Russian Agents, A Bulgarian Arms Dealer: The Recipe For A Major Spy Scandal In Central Europe”. 《??????》. 2021? 4? 19?? ???. 
  113. ↑ Pavel, Petr (2024? 4? 29?). “Czech president April 29th 2024 tweet on the 2014 ammunition depot explosion.”. 
  114. ↑ Statement of Foreign Ministers on the Readiness Action Plan NATO, 2014? 12? 2?.
  115. ↑ “NATO condemns Russia, supports Ukraine, agrees to rapid-reaction force”. 《New Europe》. 2016? 4? 22?? ???. 
  116. ↑ “Nato shows its sharp end in Polish war games”. 《Financial Times》 (UK). 2015? 6? 19?. 2015? 6? 24?? ???. 
  117. ↑ “Nato testing new rapid reaction force for first time”. UK: BBC News. 2015? 6? 23?. 2015? 6? 24?? ???. 
  118. ↑ “Russia's New Military Doctrine Hypes NATO Threat”. 2014? 12? 30?. 2016? 4? 22?? ???. 
  119. ↑ Putin signs new military doctrine naming NATO as Russia's top military threat ??? ???, 2014? 12? 26?.
  120. ↑ "NATO Head Says Russian Anti-Terror Cooperation Important". ????. 2015? 1? 8?
  121. ↑ “Insight - Russia's nuclear strategy raises concerns in NATO”. 《Reuters》. 2015? 2? 4?. 2015? 12? 14?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2015? 2? 6?? ???. 
  122. ↑ Croft, Adrian (2015? 2? 6?). “Supplying weapons to Ukraine would escalate conflict: Fallon”. 《Reuters》. 2018? 12? 1?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2015? 2? 6?? ???. 
  123. ↑ ? ? Press Association (2015? 2? 19?). “Russia a threat to Baltic states after Ukraine conflict, warns Michael Fallon”. 《???》 (UK). 2015? 2? 19?? ???. 
  124. ↑ А.Ю.Мазура (2015? 3? 10?). “Заявление руководителя Делегации Российской Федерации на переговорах в Вене по вопросам военной безопасности и контроля над вооружениями”. RF Foreign Ministry website. 
  125. ↑ Grove, Thomas (2015? 3? 10?). “Russia says halts activity in European security treaty group”. 《Reuters》 (UK). 2015? 3? 31?? ???. 
  126. ↑ Aksenov, Pavel (2015? 7? 24?). “Why would Russia deploy bombers in Crimea?”. London: BBC. 2015? 12? 3?? ???. 
  127. ↑ “From Russia with Menace”. 《???》. 2015? 4? 2?. 2015? 4? 2?? ???. 
  128. ↑ Higgins, Andrew (2015? 4? 1?). “Norway Reverts to Cold War Mode as Russian Air Patrols Spike”. 《The New York Times》. 2015? 4? 5?? ???. 
  129. ↑ Schwirtz, Michael (2019? 12? 22?). “How a Poisoning in Bulgaria Exposed Russian Assassins in Europe” – NYTimes.com ??. 
  130. ↑ “Bulgaria seeks extradition of three spies from Russia in Novichok case”. 2023? 11? 21?. 
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  132. ↑ ? ? MacFarquhar, Neil, "As Vladimir Putin Talks More Missiles and Might, Cost Tells Another Story", ?? ???, 2015? 6? 16?. 2015? 6? 17? ??.
  133. ↑ Not a single Russia-NATO cooperation program works — Russian diplomat ??, 2015? 6? 16?.
  134. ↑ “US announces new tank and artillery deployment in Europe”. UK: BBC. 2015? 6? 23?. 2015? 6? 24?? ???. 
  135. ↑ “NATO shifts strategy in Europe to deal with Russia threat”. UK: FT. 2015? 6? 23?. 2015? 6? 24?? ???. 
  136. ↑ ? ? “Putin says Russia beefing up nuclear arsenal, NATO denounces 'saber-rattling'”. 《Reuters》. 2015? 6? 16?. 2015? 6? 27?? ???. 
  137. ↑ Комментарий Департамента информации и печати МИД России по итогам встречи министров обороны стран-членов НАТО ??? ???, 2015? 6? 26?.
  138. ↑ ??? ???, ??? ?. "??? ??? ?? ??", ?? ???, 2015? 6? 15?. 2015? 6? 18? ??.
  139. ↑ Steven Pifer. ??? ? ??: ??? ????? ???? 2015? 6? 17?.
  140. ↑ “Russian Program to Build World's Biggest Intercontinental Missile Delayed”. 《The Moscow Times》. 2015? 6? 26?. 2015? 6? 27?? ???. 
  141. ↑ telegraph.co.uk: "US confirms it will place 250 tanks in eastern Europe to counter Russian threat", 2015? 6? 23?
  142. ↑ telegraph.co.uk: "Nato updates Cold War playbook as Putin vows to build nuclear stockpile", 2015? 6? 25?
  143. ↑ “NATO 'very concerned' by Russian military build-up in Crimea”. 《Hurriyet Daily News》. 2016? 4? 22?? ???. 
  144. ↑ “NATO-Russia Tensions Rise After Turkey Downs Jet”. 《The New York Times》. 2015? 11? 24?. 2015? 11? 29?? ???. 
  145. ↑ “Turkey's downing of Russian warplane – what we know”. BBC. 2015? 11? 24?. 
  146. ↑ “ATO Invites Montenegro to Join, as Russia Plots Response”. 《The New York Times》. 2015? 12? 2?. 2015? 12? 2?? ???. 
  147. ↑ “Crimea”. Interfax-Ukraine. 2016? 4? 22?? ???. 
  148. ↑ НАТО созрело для диалога с Москвой ?????? ???, 2016? 4? 14?.
  149. ↑ “TASS: Russian Politics & Diplomacy - Lavrov: Russia will not allow NATO to embroil it into senseless confrontation”. 《TASS》. 2016? 4? 14?. 
  150. ↑ “Лавров: РФ не даст НАТО втянуть себя в бессмысленное противостояние”. 《РИА ????》. 2016? 4? 14?. 
  151. ↑ “Turkish Request for Missiles Strains Ties With Russia”. 《Al-Monitor》. 2016? 4? 22?? ???. 
  152. ↑ Грушко: позитивной повестки дня у России и НАТО сейчас нет ?? ????, 2016? 4? 20?.
  153. ↑ Borger, Julian (2016? 4? 20?). “Nato-Russia Council talks fail to iron out differences”. 《The Guardian》. 
  154. ↑ Browne, Ryan (2016? 5? 12?). “U.S. launches long-awaited European missile defense shield”. 《CNN》. 2016? 8? 24?? ???. 
  155. ↑ “Russia Calls New U.S. Missile Defense System a 'Direct Threat'”. 《The New York Times》. 2016? 5? 12?. 
  156. ↑ Levada-Center and Chicago Council on Global Affairs about Russian-American relations ??? 19 8? 2017 - ??? ??. ??? ??. 2016? 11? 4?.
  157. ↑ NATO agrees to reinforce eastern Poland, Baltic states against Russia ???, 2016? 7? 8?.
  158. ↑ Warsaw Summit Communiqué 40? ??.
  159. ↑ Warsaw Summit Communiqué 11? ??.
  160. ↑ Warsaw Summit Communiqué 17? ??.
  161. ↑ Warsaw Summit Communiqué 10? ??.
  162. ↑ “NATO leaders confirm strong support for Ukraine”. 《NATO》. 
  163. ↑ “Москва предупредила НАТО о последствиях военной активности в Черном море - РИА Новости, 02.03.2020”. 
  164. ↑ “Russia offers to fly warplanes more safely over Baltics”. 《Reuters》. 2016? 7? 14?. 2016? 7? 14?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 
  165. ↑ ?Триумф? в Крыму ??? ?, 2016? 7? 17?.
  166. ↑ Bajrovi?, Reuf; Gar?evi?, Vesko; Kramer, Richard. “Hanging by a Thread: Russia's Policy of Destabilization in Montenegro” (PDF). Foreign Policy Research Institute. 
  167. ↑ “Афера ”Државни удар” у Црно? Гори – збирка докумената и анализа”. 
  168. ↑ “U Crnoj Gori nastavljeno su?enje za dr?avni udar”. Al Jazeera (September 2017). 
  169. ↑ Ukinuta presuda za 'dr?avni udar' u Crnoj Gori, DPS tvrdi rezultat pritiska na sud, ????? ????, 2021? 2? 5?
  170. ↑ “How the use of ethnonationalism backfired in Montenegro”. 《Al-???》. 2020? 9? 4?. 
  171. ↑ Montenegro finds itself at heart of tensions with Russia as it joins Nato: Alliance that bombed country only 18 years ago welcomes it as 29th member in move that has left its citizens divided ???, 2017? 5? 25?.
  172. ↑ В Брюсселе подписан протокол о вступлении Черногории в НАТО ??????? ???, 2016? 5? 19?.
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  175. ↑ ? ????? ??, ???? EU ?? ???? ??? ??????, 2017? 3? 14?.
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  178. ↑ ????? ??? ???, ???? ??? ?? — ?? ??????.?, 2016? 11? 21?.
  179. ↑ “Attempted coup in Montenegro in 2016: Foreign Secretary's statement”. 2019? 5? 9?. 
  180. ↑ “Lavrov Says Russia Wants Military Cooperation With NATO, 'Pragmatic' U.S. Ties”. Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 2017? 2? 18?. 2021? 6? 11?? ???. 
  181. ↑ Barnes, Julian E., "Russian, NATO Diplomats Discuss Military Deployments in Baltic Sea Region" (?? ??), ????? ??, 2017? 3? 30?. 2017? 3? 30? ??.
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  183. ↑ Russia tells NATO to stop 'demonising' planned war games ???, 2017? 7? 13?.
  184. ↑ NATO battlegroups in Baltic nations and Poland fully operational nato.int, 2017? 8? 28?.
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  186. ↑ “NATO sees no Russian threat to any of its members — head”. 《TASS》. 2018? 2? 21?. 
  187. ↑ “The Latest: Gorbachev has high hopes for Putin-Trump summit”. 《Associated Press》. 2018? 6? 28?. 
  188. ↑ “NATO chief warns against isolating Russia”. 《Euronews》. 2018? 7? 12?. 
  189. ↑ “Nato slashes Russia staff after poisoning”. 《BBC News》 (?? ??). 2018? 3? 27?. 2018? 3? 27?? ???. 
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  195. ↑ “What the INF Treaty's Collapse Means for Nuclear Proliferation”. 《Council on Foreign Relations》 (??). 2023? 7? 22?? ???. 
  196. ↑ “9M729 (SSC-8)”. 《Missile Threat》 (?? ??). 2023? 7? 22?? ???. 
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  198. ↑ “President Trump to pull US from Russia missile treaty”. BBC. 2018? 10? 20?. 2018? 10? 20?? ???. 
  199. ↑ “Trump: U.S. to exit nuclear treaty, citing Russian violations”. ???. 2019? 10? 20?. 
  200. ↑ “Pompeo announces suspension of nuclear arms treaty”. 《CNN》. 2019? 2? 1?? ???. 
  201. ↑ The Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty at a Glance, ?? ?? ??, 2019? 8?.
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  204. ↑ “NATO chief calls for confronting Russia in speech to Congress”. 《Politico》. 2019? 4? 3?. 
  205. ↑ “Suspected Assassin In The Berlin Killing Used Fake Identity Documents”. 《???》 (??). 2019? 8? 30?. 2021? 12? 22?? ???. 
  206. ↑ Eckel, Mike (2019? 8? 28?). “Former Chechen Commander Gunned Down In Berlin; Eyes Turn To Moscow (And Grozny)”. ??????. 2019? 10? 25?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2019? 9? 17?? ???. 
  207. ↑ “Germany expels Russian diplomats over state-ordered killing”. 《AP NEWS》 (??). 2021? 12? 15?. 2021? 12? 15?? ???. 
  208. ↑ “Chechen leader 'was behind Berlin assassination' of Zelimkhan Khangoshvili”. 《???》. 2019? 12? 6?. 
  209. ↑ “New Evidence Links Russian State to Berlin Assassination”. 《???》. 2019? 9? 27?. 2019? 10? 26?? ???. 
  210. ↑ “Lavrov: If Georgia Joins NATO, Relations Will Be Spoiled”. 《Georgia Today》. 2019? 9? 26?. 
  211. ↑ “Russian FM Lavrov supports resumption of flights to Georgia as Georgians 'realised consequences' of June 20”. Agenda.ge. 2019? 9? 26?. 2019? 9? 29?? ???. 
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  213. ↑ “NATO warns Russia over forces near Ukraine”. 《????》. 2021? 4? 13?. 2021? 4? 14?? ???. 
  214. ↑ ? ? “Germany Says Russia Seeking To 'Provoke' With Troop Buildup At Ukraine's Border”. 《Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty》. 2021? 4? 14?. 
  215. ↑ “Massive, Army-led NATO exercise Defender Europe kicks off”. 《?? ???》. 2021? 3? 15?. 
  216. ↑ “NATO expels eight Russian 'undeclared intelligence officers' in response to suspected killings and espionage”. 
  217. ↑ “Russia will act if Nato countries cross Ukraine 'red lines', Putin says”. 《The Guardian》. 2021? 11? 30?. 
  218. ↑ “NATO Pushes Back Against Russian President Putin's 'Red Lines' Over Ukraine”. 《The Drive》. 2021? 12? 1?. 
  219. ↑ “Putin warns Russia will act if NATO crosses its red lines in Ukraine”. 《Reuters》. 2021? 11? 30?. 
  220. ↑ Blinken, Antony (2022? 1? 20?). “Speech: The Stakes of Russian Aggression for Ukraine and Beyond”. US Department of State. 
  221. ↑ “Putin Demands NATO Guarantees Not to Expand Eastward”. 《U.S. ?? & ?? ???》. 2021? 12? 1?. 
  222. ↑ “NATO chief: "Russia has no right to establish a sphere of influence"”. 《Axios》. 2021? 12? 1?. 
  223. ↑ “Is Russia preparing to invade Ukraine? And other questions”. 《BBC News》. 2021? 12? 10?. 
  224. ↑ ? ? ? Tétrault-Farber, Gabrielle; Balmforth, Tom (2021? 12? 17?). “Russia demands NATO roll back from East Europe and stay out of Ukraine”. 《Reuters》 (??). 2021? 12? 20?? ???. 
  225. ↑ “U.S. to consider Russia's NATO proposal, but calls some demands "unacceptable"”. 《Axios》. 2021? 12? 17?. 
  226. ↑ Pifer, Steven (2021? 12? 21?). “Russia's draft agreements with NATO and the United States: Intended for rejection?”. 《???? ???》. 
  227. ↑ “Ukraine crisis: Why Russia-US talks may prove crucial”. 《BBC News》. 2022? 1? 10?. 
  228. ↑ “Russian foreign minister warns west over 'aggressive line' in Ukraine crisis”. 《???》. 2021? 12? 31?. 
  229. ↑ “Russia-NATO Council ends Brussels meeting that lasted four hours”. TASS. 2022? 1? 13?? ???. 
  230. ↑ Emmott, Robin; Siebold, Sabine; Baczynska, Gabriela (2022? 1? 12?). “NATO offers arms talks as Russia warns of dangers”. 《Reuters》 (??). 2022? 1? 13?? ???. 
  231. ↑ “US offers no concessions in response to Russia on Ukraine”. 《AP (???)》. 2022? 1? 26?. 
  232. ↑ “NATO says Russia appears to be continuing military escalation in Ukraine”. 《France 24》. France 24. 2022? 2? 16?. 2022? 2? 16?? ???. 
  233. ↑ “Extracts from Putin's speech on Ukraine”. 《Reuters》. 2022? 2? 21?. 2023? 12? 2?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 
  234. ↑ “NATO leaders will boost 4 new battalions in the east in the face of Russian threat”. 《???》 (??). 2022? 3? 23?. 
  235. ↑ “Rusya'dan ?sve? ve Finlandiya'ya tehdit”. 《www.yenisafak.com》 (?????). 2022? 2? 26?. 
  236. ↑ “Путин заявил, что вступление Финляндии и Швеции в НАТО не создает угрозы”. 《RBC》 (????). 2022? 5? 16?. 2022? 11? 7?? ???. 
  237. ↑ “Madrid Summit ends with far-reaching decisions to transform NATO”. 《NATO》 (??). 2022? 6? 30?. 
  238. ↑ “NATO brands Russia the biggest 'direct threat' to Western security, as it eyes off 'serious challenges' posed by China”. 《ABC ??》 (??????? ??). 2022? 6? 30?. 
  239. ↑ “NATO-Russia Council”. 《Topics》. NATO. 2024? 7? 25?. 2025? 2? 2?? ???. 
  240. ↑ Iulian, Raluca Iulia (2022? 12? 1?). 《Why Nato-Russia Council Has Failed After 20 Years of Existence》. 《Proceedings of CBU in Social Sciences》 3. 57–63?. doi:10.12955/pss.v3.305 – ojs.cbuic.cz ??. 
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  242. ↑ Hirsh, Michael (2022? 6? 27?). “We Are Now in a Global Cold War”. 《?? ???》 (?? ??). 
  243. ↑ Kanta Ray, Rajat; Guha, Dipanjan (2022? 5? 3?). “The second Cold War: Editorial on Russia's Ukraine invasion”. 《?????》. 
  244. ↑ ? ? “Weakness is Lethal: Why Putin Invaded Ukraine and How the War Must End”. 《?? ?? ???》. 2023? 10? 1?. 
  245. ↑ “Former Russian president Medvedev says Moscow should seek 'disappearance' of Ukraine and NATO”. 《???》. 2024? 7? 11?. 
  246. ↑ “Putin warns the US of Cold War-style missile crisis”. 《???》. 2024? 7? 28?. 
  247. ↑ Pleitgen, Frederik; Lillis, Katie Bo; Bertrand, Natasha (2024? 7? 11?). “Exclusive: US and Germany foiled Russian plot to assassinate CEO of arms manufacturer sending weapons to Ukraine | CNN Politics”. 《CNN》 (??). 2024? 7? 11?? ???. 
  248. ↑ Connolly, Kate (2024? 7? 11?). “US reportedly foiled Russian plot to kill boss of German arms firm supplying Ukraine”. 《The Guardian》 (?? ??). ISSN 0261-3077. 2024? 7? 11?? ???. 
  249. ↑ Siebold, Sabine (2024? 10? 14?). “NATO will not be intimidated by Russia's threats, Rutte says at Ukraine mission HQ”. 《Reuters》 (??). 2024? 10? 15?? ???. 
  250. ↑ Rothwell, James; Crisp, James (2024? 10? 16?). “Russia 'suspected of planting bomb' on plane to the UK”. 《The Telegraph》 (?? ??). ISSN 0307-1235. 2024? 10? 16?? ???. 
  251. ↑ “Suspected sabotage almost caused German plane crash, says spy chief”. 《Financial Times》. 2024? 10? 16?? ???. 
  252. ↑ “DHL confirms parcels linked to arson attack in Germany sent from Lithuania”. 《lrt.lt》 (??). 2024? 9? 3?. 2024? 10? 16?? ???. 
  253. ↑ Panyi, Szabolcs (2024? 10? 15?). “Russian Diplomats with GRU Ties: Hungary's Special Guests”. 《VSquare.org》 (?? ??). 2024? 10? 22?? ???. 
  254. ↑ Wewn?trznego, Agencja Bezpieczeństwa. “Komunikat dotycz?cy dzia?alno?ci dywersyjnej FR”. 《Agencja Bezpieczeństwa Wewn?trznego》 (????). 2024? 10? 25?? ???. 
  255. ↑ Gielewska, Anna (2024? 10? 30?). “Mapping Russia's War Machine on NATO's Doorstep”. 《VSquare.org》 (?? ??). 2024? 10? 30?? ???. 
  256. ↑ “Russian spy chief threatens Poland and Baltic States”. 《????》. 2025? 4? 15?. 
  257. ↑ Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, Robert Coalson: Could NATO Membership For Russia Break Impasse In European Security Debate?, 2010? 2? 5?.
  258. ↑ “A Broken Promise?”. 《?? ????》. October 2014. 2016? 1? 6?? ???. 
  259. ↑ “SOVIET DISARRAY; Yeltsin Says Russia Seeks to Join NATO”. 《?? ???》. 1991? 12? 21?. 2022? 3? 21?? ???. 
  260. ↑ Baker, James (1993? 12? 5?). “Expanding to the East: A New NATO: Alliance: Full membership may be the most sought-after 'good' now enticing Eastern and Central European states--particularly, Russia”. 《?????? ???》. 
  261. ↑ Brown, Davis L. (1997). “European Collective Security in the Next Millennium” (PDF). 《The Air Force Law Review, volume 42》. 
  262. ↑ ??, ????? ???? NATO ?? ??. ? ??. 2017? 6? 12? ??. 2017? 12? 14? ??.
  263. ↑ ? ? ? “Breaking Down the Complicated Relationship Between Russia and NATO”. 《??》. 2019? 4? 4?. 
  264. ↑ ? ? “Ex-Nato head says Putin wanted to join alliance early on in his rule”. 《The Guardian》 (??). 2021? 11? 4?. 2022? 12? 1?? ???. 
  265. ↑ ?? ?????? ????? ????
  266. ↑ World Politics Review, "Politkovskaya's Death, Other Killings, Raise Questions About Russian Democracy", 2006? 10? 31?
  267. ↑ Gilman, Martin (2009? 6? 16?). “Russia Leads Europe In Reporter Killings”. 《Moscow Times》. 2009? 6? 25?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2009? 8? 8?? ???. 
  268. ↑ ?? ?? ?? (??? ????), ?????? 2009, 2008? 1?-12? ???, p. 272: "2008? 6?, ?????? 2006? 10? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ????. ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ? ?? ??? 11?? ??? ????, ?? ??? ????. ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??? ? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???. ?? ??????? ??? ? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?? ??? ????."
  269. ↑ “Anna Politkovskaya: Putin's Russia”. 《BBC News》. 2006? 10? 9?. 2006? 11? 7?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2006? 10? 9?? ???. 
  270. ↑ “How Bill Browder Became Russia's Most Wanted Man”. 《? ???》. 2018? 8? 13?. 2019? 5? 5?? ???. 
  271. ↑ “Russia 'is now a criminal state', says Bill Browder”. BBC. 2009? 11? 23?. 2009? 12? 27?? ???. 
  272. ↑ Browder, Bill (2015). 《Red Notice: How I Became Putin's No. 1 Enemy》. Transworld Digital. ISBN 978-0593072950. 
  273. ↑ Lombardozzi, Nicola (2014? 11? 20?). “I quaderni del carcere di chi sfidò lo zar Putin”. 《? ?????》 (?????). 53?. 
  274. ↑ ? ??, ???? NATO ?? ??? ??? 2010? 3? 9? ??
  275. ↑ “Russia outlines plan for 'unfriendly' investors to sell up at half-price”. 《Reuters》. 2022? 12? 30?. 
  276. ↑ Neyfakh, Leon (2014? 3? 9?). “Putin's long game? Meet the Eurasian Union”. 《Boston Globe》. 2015? 1? 21?? ???. 
  277. ↑ ? ? Rohde, David; Mohammed, Arshad (2014? 4? 18?). “Special Report: How the U.S. made its Putin problem worse”. 《Reuters》. 2014? 12? 20?? ???. 
  278. ↑ "???? ??? ???? ??? ?????", ???? ???, ??? ???, 2007? ?
  279. ↑ Buckley, Neil (2013? 9? 19?). “Putin urges Russians to return to values of religion”. 《Financial Times》. 2014? 12? 23?? ???. 
  280. ↑ ? ? Hoare, Liam (2014? 12? 26?). “Europe's New Gay Cold War”. 《Slate》. 2015? 1? 3?? ???. 
  281. ↑ Herszenhorn, David (2013? 8? 11?). “Gays in Russia Find No Haven, Despite Support From the West”. 《The New York Times》. 2014? 12? 23?? ???. 
  282. ↑ Matlack, Carol (2014? 6? 4?). “Does Russia's Global Media Empire Distort the News? You Be the Judge”. Bloomberg. 2014? 6? 7?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2014? 12? 25?? ???. 
  283. ↑ Spiegel Staff (2014? 5? 30?). “The Opinion-Makers: How Russia Is Winning the Propaganda War”. 《Der Spiegel》. 2014? 12? 25?? ???. 
  284. ↑ Tetrault-Farber, Gabrielle (2014? 5? 12?). “Poll Finds 94% of Russians Depend on State TV for Ukraine Coverage”. 《The Moscow Times》. 2014? 12? 25?? ???. 
  285. ↑ Remnick, David (2014? 8? 11?). “Watching the Eclipse”. 《The New Yorker》. 2015? 1? 2?? ???. 
  286. ↑ Kruscheva, Nina (2014? 7? 29?). “Putin's anti-American rhetoric now persuades his harshest critics”. 《Reuters》. 2014? 8? 1?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2015? 1? 2?? ???. 
  287. ↑ Lally, Kathy (2014? 4? 10?). “Moscow turns off Voice of America radio”. 《Washington Post》. 2015? 12? 24?? ???. 
  288. ↑ “A clampdown on foreign-owned media is an opportunity for some oligarchs”. 《The Economist》. 2014? 11? 8?. 2014? 12? 26?? ???. 
  289. ↑ “Four EU Countries Propose Steps to Counter Russia's Propaganda”. Bloomberg. 2015? 1? 16?. 2015? 1? 20?? ???. 
  290. ↑ “Mogherini: EU may establish Russian-language media”. Reuters. 2015? 1? 19?. 2015? 1? 20?? ???. 
  291. ↑ Vasiliev, Nikita (2015? 2? 28?). “Круглосуточная камера зафиксировала убийство Немцова” [CCTV recorded murder of Nemtsov] (????). Moscow. 2020? 8? 13?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2018? 6? 25?? ???. 
  292. ↑ Amos, Howard; Millward, David (2015? 2? 27?). “Leading Putin critic gunned down outside Kremlin”. 《The Telegraph》 (London). 2019? 10? 7?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2018? 4? 4?? ???. 
  293. ↑ “Russia opposition politician Boris Nemtsov shot dead”. 《BBC News》. 2015? 2? 27?. 2020? 10? 17?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2015? 2? 28?? ???. 
  294. ↑ “Борис Немцов: Боюсь того, что Путин меня убьет”. Sobesednik. 2015? 2? 10?. 2019? 10? 16?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2015? 3? 2?? ???. 
  295. ↑ ? ? “Russia opposition politician Boris Nemtsov shot dead”. 《BBC News》. 2015? 2? 27?. 2019? 6? 23?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2018? 4? 30?? ???. 
  296. ↑ Calamur, Krishnadev (2015? 2? 27?). “Putin Critic Boris Nemtsov Shot Dead”. NPR. 2015? 3? 1?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2015? 3? 1?? ???. 
  297. ↑ В квартире Немцова проводится обыск [A search is going on in Nemtsov's flat] (????). Russia: RBK. 2015? 2? 28?. 2015? 3? 2?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2015? 2? 28?? ???. 
  298. ↑ Shaun Walker (2015? 3? 8?) ??? ??? ??: ?? ??? ????, ?? ????? ??? ?? ??? 2025-08-06 - ??? ?? ???
  299. ↑ “Boris Nemtsov Tailed by FSB Squad Prior to 2015 Murder”. Bellingcat. 2022? 3? 28?. 2022? 3? 28?? ???. 
  300. ↑ Kramer, Andrew (2015? 2? 28?). “Fear Envelops Russia After Killing of Putin Critic Boris Nemtsov”. 《The New York Times》. 2017? 3? 7?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2017? 2? 21?? ???. 
  301. ↑ Ioffe, Julia (2015? 2? 28?). “After Boris Nemtsov's Assassination, 'There Are No Longer Any Limits'”. 《The New York Times》. 2018? 6? 13?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2017? 2? 21?? ???. 
  302. ↑ “Breaking Down the Complicated Relationship Between Russia and NATO”. 《Time》 (??). 2022? 3? 5?? ???. 
  303. ↑ Kimberly Marten, "NATO enlargement: evaluating its consequences in Russia." International Politics 57 (2020): 401-426.
  304. ↑ For similar critiques see James Goldgeier, and Joshua R. Itzkowitz Shifrinson, "Evaluating NATO enlargement: scholarly debates, policy implications, and roads not taken." International Politics 57 (2020): 291-321.
  305. ↑ ? ? Godzimirski, Jakub M. (2019). “Explaining Russian reactions to increased NATO military presence”. 《???? ?? ?? ???》. 2022? 3? 17?? ???. 
  306. ↑ 《Former Nato chief says Putin considered membership for Russia | BBC News》 (??), 2024? 2? 23?? ??? 
  307. ↑ “Umowa mi?dzy Rz?dem Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej i Rz?dem Federacji Rosyjskiej o ?egludze po Zalewie Wi?lanym (Kaliningradskij zaliw), podpisana w Sopocie dnia 1 wrze?nia 2009 r.”. 《isap.sejm.gov.pl》. 
  308. ↑ “Co zmieni kana? na Mierzei Wi?lanej?”. 2007? 2? 24?. 2007? 2? 24?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 
  309. ↑ Finn, Peter (2007? 11? 3?). “Russia's State-Controlled Gas Firm Announces Plan to Double Price for Georgia”. 《Washington Post》. 2014? 12? 25?? ???. 
  310. ↑ ???, ??? ?? ??? ?? ???: ?????? ?? ??? ?? ??, ?? ???, ?? ???, ?? ??? ??? 2006? 12? 12?
  311. ↑ “Arbitration Panel Holds That the 1994 Energy Charter Treaty Protects Foreign Energy Sector Investments in Former Soviet Union” (PDF). 《??? ??》. 2010? 2? 5?. 2011? 7? 16?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2010? 5? 8?? ???. 
  312. ↑ “Putin's 'Last and Best Weapon' Against Europe: Gas”. 2014? 9? 24?. 2015? 1? 3?? ???. 
  313. ↑ Klapper, Bradley (2015? 2? 3?). “New Cold War: US, Russia fight over Europe's energy future”. Yahoo. 2015? 2? 12?? ???. 
  314. ↑ Stewart, James (2014? 3? 7?). “Why Russia Can't Afford Another Cold War”. 《The New York Times》. 2015? 1? 3?? ???. 
  315. ↑ Albanese, Chiara; Edwards, Ben (2014? 10? 9?). “Russian Companies Clamor for Dollars to Repay Debt”. 《????? ??》. 2014? 12? 16?? ???. 
  316. ↑ ? ? Chung, Frank (2014? 12? 18?). “The Cold War is back, and colder”. News.au. 2015? 8? 14?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2014? 12? 17?? ???. 

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