????????

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???????? ??? ???
????: Приднестро?вская Молда?вская Респу?блика; Pridnestróvskaya Moldávskaya Respúblika; ?????: Republica Moldoveneasc? Nistrean?; Република Молдовеняскэ Нистрянэ (???? ?? ??); ??????: Придн?стро?вська Молда?вська Респу?бл?ка; Prydnistróvska Moldávska Respúblika;
	????
; ??	; ??
??	??? ????????? ????[1]
??	???? ?? 46° 50′ 25″ ?? 29° 38′ 36″? / ??? 46.84028° ?? 29.64333°
	???? ????????(???)
??
????	?? ??, ????, ???
???; ??; ??	?? ???????; ????? ?????; ????? ?????
???	?????
??
??? ??	??? ??
? ?? ??	1990? 9? 2?
? ?? ??	1992? 3? 1? ~ 7? 21?
??
??	4,163 km2
??? ??	2.35%
???	EET (UTC+2)
DST	+3
??
???	????; ???? (?????); ??????;
???	????
???	?????????; ??????????;
??
2022? ??	360,938 (??? ???)
2015? ??	475,373
?? ??	73.5?/km2
??
GDP(PPP)	2012? ?? ???
? ??	10,000,000,00?$
? ???	2,000$
GDP(??)	2012? ?? ???
??	?? (PRB)
??
?? ??	+373c
	a+373 5 ? +373 2.

百度母亲可以获得4个月带薪产假，建更多的日间育儿中心和幼儿园，帮助有孩子的父母取得家庭与工作间的平衡。

???????? ??? ???(????: Приднестровская Молдавская Республика ??????????? ?????? ??????^[*]), ?? ????????(????: Приднестровье ?????????^[*], ??????: Придн?стров'я ?????????^[*], ?????: Transnistria / Транснистриа ????????^[*], ???: ?????????)? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ????. ??? ?????? ????? ????, ??????, ????(?? ??? ??)??. 1991? ???? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ????, ?????? ?? ?? ??? ? ??? ???? ???? ??. ??? ??? ???? ????? ????????? ??? ???? ?? ???, ?? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ??.

????????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ??. ???? ??? ?? ?? ????????? ???? ??? ?????, 1992? 3??? ???? ??? ???? ? ? 7?? ??(停戰)? ????. ?? ??? 3?(???, ???, ????????)? ?? ?? ???? ?? ? ??? 20? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ????? ???. ?? ???? ???? ? ??? ??? ????? ??? ???? ???.

??? ????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ???, ??? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ??.^[8] ?? ??? ???? ?????, ?? ??? ??, ??, ??, ?? ??, ??, ???? ??? ??, ??(國歌), ??? ?? ??? ??.

??

????? ????, ??????, ????? ????, "???????? ??? ???"??? ?? ??? ? ? ??? ?? ??.

????: Република Молдовеняскэ Нистрянэ ????? ??????? ??????
?????: Republica Moldoveneasc? Nistrean? ????? ??????? ??????^[*]
??????: Придн?стровська Молдавська Республ?ка ?????????? ????? ??????^[*]
????: Приднестровская Молдавская Республика ?????????? ????? ??????^[*]

??

1918? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ????????? ?? ?? ????. 1918? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?? ?1? ?? ??? ???? (????? ???) ???? ??? ????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ? ??, ???????? ??? ???? ??? ??? 1924?? ????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ???. ??? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??? 1929??? ????? ?????, ?? ??? 8.100km²? ??? 57? ??? ??? ?????????? ??? ??, ?? ??? ??????, ????? ??? ? ??? ????, ???, ??? ?? ???.

1940? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?????. ???? ?? ??? ?? ???????? ??? 1941??? 1944???? ????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ???, ?? ????????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???.

1980?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ???. ?? ?? ??????, ????? ???? ???????? ??? ???? ??? 1989??? ???? ??? ???? ? ??? ???? ?? ? 9? 2? '???????? ??? ???? ???? ???(PMSSR)'? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ????. ??? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???? ???.

1991? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ?? ????? ??? ???? ??? ? ? 1992? 3??? ????? ????? ??? ???????? ??? ?????. ? ???? ????????? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ? 7? ? 1?? ?? ???? ? ? ???? ??? ???. ????????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ???.

2001? ????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?????. ?? ??? ??? ???????? ?? ??? ??? ? ??? ???? ???? ? ??(????? ?????? '??' ??? ??, ????? ?? ?? ??, ??? ?? ??, ??? ??? ??? ??? ??)? ????? ?? ?? ???????? ????? ?? ??? ???. 2003? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??? ? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ? ?? ?? ??(????? ?? ??? ????????)? ??? ????? ??? ?? ?? ????. ??? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???(?? ???? ???????? ???? ??? ??, 2002??? ????? ?? ?? ??? ?14?? ?? ?? 20? ?? ?)? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ????. ?? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??? ????? ????. ???????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???.^[9]

???? ????????? ?? ???·???·??? ??? ???? ???, ?? ? 1,500?? ??? ??? ???? ????????? ???????? ???? ???? ??. 2006?? ???????? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ??? 97.2%? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?? ????.^[10] ?? 2014?? ??? ???? ???? ??, 2022? ???? ????? ??? ??? ????????? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??.^[11]^[12]

??? ??

?????????? 2018? ?? 469,000? ??? ???? ??? ????. 1989? ?? 679,000??? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?? ???? ????? ???? ??.

2004?? ??
- ????(=?????): 32.1%
- ????: 30.4%
- ??????: 28.8%
- ?????: 2.5%
- ??: 6.2%
- ??? 555,337?

??

??? 91%? ??? ?? ???(東方正敎), 4%? ?? ??? ????. ?????? ??? ???? ???, ????????? ???? ? ???? ??? ???? ??.

?? ??

2? ?? 5? ?? ???? ??.

??

???

???? ???????? ??? ????? ?? ????. ???? ??? 5???, 2011???? 3?(三任) ??? ? ? ?? ???. ??? 2011???? ????? ????, ???? ?????. ? ???? 2016? ??? ?? ???????, ? ??? 2022? ??? ????? ???????.

???

????????? ???, ???(單院制)? ???? ??. ??? "?? ????"? ??(定員) 43?? ?????? ???? ???, ??? 5???. 2010? ??? ??, ??(Обновление)? 25?, ??(ПРОРЫВ)? ???????? ???? ? 1?, ???? 16?? ?????.

???

??? ??

????????? ??? 1990? ?????. PMR? ???? ???? ? ??? ???? ??? ????? ??? ?? ???, ?????? ?? ?? ???? ??? ??. ?? ????? 1924??? 1940??? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?? ???(Moldavian ASSR, ????? ???? ???? ???? ??)? ????.

??? ??? ? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ????, 2005? 7? 22?? "????? ? ??(左岸) ??? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?"? ???? ????????? ??? ??? ? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???? ????. ? ?? ???? ???????? ??? ??(事前) ??? ??? ??, ???????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??.

2008? ???? ???????? ??? ???? 300,000~400,000??? ? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??. ???????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??. ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ????? ?? ?? ??? ??. ???? 2006? ??? ???????? ????? ? 80,000?? ??? ????.

????????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??. ????(Dub?sari) ??? ?? ??(? ? Cocieri? Doro?caia? ????? ? ??(東岸)? ??, ??? ????????? ???.)? ???????? ?? ?? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ????. ? ??? ????????? ??(西岸)? ???, ??? ????? ??? ??? ????(Varni?a), ???(Copanca)? ?? ? ???? ???? ???? ??. ??? ?? ??? ? ??? ???????? ??? ???? ???, ???? ? ?? ? ???? ? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??? ? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ????.

?? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?????, ?? 2005?? ???????? ??? ??????(Vasilievca)? ???? 2006??? ???? ????, 2007??? ????(Cocieri) ???? ??? ???? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ???.

??? ??? ???, 2007? 3? 13?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ????(Corjova) ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??? ? ??? ?? ???????? ??? ???? ?? ???.

??

???????? ?????(????: Приднестровский республиканский банк)? ???? ??? ??, ???????? ??? ????.

??

???????? ??(軍)? 1991? 9? 6? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ???????? ??? ?????. 4,500~7,500? ??? ???? ??? ????? ????? ????, ???, ????? ????? ????. 1? 5?~2? 5?? ??? ??? ??? ? ??.^[13]^[14]

???

????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???, ???????? ?? ???? ??? ? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ????, ????????? ???? ? ??(球團) ?? ??? ??? ????.

??

1? 1?~2?: ??(Новый Год) - 2006??? ?? ??
1? 7?: ???? ?????(Рождество Христово)
2? 23?: ????? ?(День защитника отечества)
3? 8?: ?? ??? ?(Международный женский день)
5? 1?~2?: ???(День солидарности трудящихся)
5? 9?: ?????(День Победы)
9? 2?: ?????(День Республики)
12? 24?: ?????(День конституции) - 1996???
12? 25?: ?????(Рождество Христово по григорианскому календарю)

?? ??

???????? ?????

??

↑ Smoltczyk, Alexander (2014? 4? 24?). “Hopes Rise in Transnistria of a Russian Annexation”. 《Der Spiegel》. 2018? 11? 25?? ???. The breakaway region has its own military, its own constitution, a national anthem (called "We Sing the Praises of Transnistria") and a symphony orchestra which is known abroad.
↑ “On the situation of Russian schools in Moldova”. OSCE. 2011? 7? 14?.
↑ “Law of the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic on the Functioning of Languages on the Territory of the Moldavian SSR”. U.S. English Foundation Research. 2016. 2016? 9? 21?? ?? ???? ??? ??.
↑ “Russian language in Moldova could lose their status (Русский язык в Молдове может потерять свой статус)”. KORRESPONDENT. 2013? 4? 6?.
↑ “352 DE MII DE LOCUITORI DIN REGIUNEA TRANSNISTREAN? DE?IN CET??ENIA REPUBLICII MOLDOVA ?I 362 DE MII FIGUREAZ? ?N REGISTRUL DE STAT AL POPULA?IEI” (?????). Guvernul Republicii Moldova (Biroul Politici de Reintegrare). 2023? 1? 20?.
↑ Перепись населения ПМР [Population census of PMR]. 《newspmr.com》 (????). 2017? 3? 9?. 2021? 1? 23?? ???.
↑ “An aided economy. The characteristics of the Transnistrian economic model”. Osw.waw.pl. 2013? 5? 16?. 2022? 6? 24?? ???.
↑ 舊?? ??? ?? ?? ????????
↑ ??? ?????? ?? (2009?). 《??? ???》. ?????. 173?.
↑ Stuart Hensel. “Moldova Strategic Conflict Assessment (SCA)” (PDF). 《Economist Intelligence Unit》. 2007? 10? 25?? ?? ?? (PDF)?? ??? ??.
↑ “'??? ? ???' ?2? ???? ???”. 《????》. 2014? 3? 20?. 2022? 5? 11?? ???.
↑ “?2 ??? ??…'?? ??' ??? ?????????”. 《???》. 2022? 4? 28?. 2022? 5? 11?? ???.
↑ km.ru, Приднестровье показало мускулы ??? 2025-08-06 - archive.today, 2025-08-06 (????)
↑ Pridnestrovie.net, Law enforcement and armed forces of Pridnestrovie ??? 2025-08-06 - ????

???

?? ??

????? ??? ???????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ????.

(????/??) ????????? ?? ?? ????
(????/??) ?????????
(??) ???? ??? 2025-08-06 - ??? ??
(??) ????????? ??

[1] Smoltczyk, Alexander (2014? 4? 24?). “Hopes Rise in Transnistria of a Russian Annexation”. 《Der Spiegel》. 2018? 11? 25?? ???. The breakaway region has its own military, its own constitution, a national anthem (called "We Sing the Praises of Transnistria") and a symphony orchestra which is known abroad.

[OSCE2011-2] “On the situation of Russian schools in Moldova”. OSCE. 2011? 7? 14?.

[Law_of_the_Moldavian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic_on_the_Functioning_of_Languages_on_the_Territory_of_the_Moldavian_SSR-3] “Law of the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic on the Functioning of Languages on the Territory of the Moldavian SSR”. U.S. English Foundation Research. 2016. 2016? 9? 21?? ?? ???? ??? ??.

[KOR-4] “Russian language in Moldova could lose their status (Русский язык в Молдове может потерять свой статус)”. KORRESPONDENT. 2013? 4? 6?.

[5] “352 DE MII DE LOCUITORI DIN REGIUNEA TRANSNISTREAN? DE?IN CET??ENIA REPUBLICII MOLDOVA ?I 362 DE MII FIGUREAZ? ?N REGISTRUL DE STAT AL POPULA?IEI” (?????). Guvernul Republicii Moldova (Biroul Politici de Reintegrare). 2023? 1? 20?.

[2015census-6] Перепись населения ПМР [Population census of PMR]. 《newspmr.com》 (????). 2017? 3? 9?. 2021? 1? 23?? ???.

[7] “An aided economy. The characteristics of the Transnistrian economic model”. Osw.waw.pl. 2013? 5? 16?. 2022? 6? 24?? ???.

[8] 舊?? ??? ?? ?? ????????

[9] ??? ?????? ?? (2009?). 《??? ???》. ?????. 173?.

[10] Stuart Hensel. “Moldova Strategic Conflict Assessment (SCA)” (PDF). 《Economist Intelligence Unit》. 2007? 10? 25?? ?? ?? (PDF)?? ??? ??.

[11] “'??? ? ???' ?2? ???? ???”. 《????》. 2014? 3? 20?. 2022? 5? 11?? ???.

[12] “?2 ??? ??…'?? ??' ??? ?????????”. 《???》. 2022? 4? 28?. 2022? 5? 11?? ???.

[13] .ru, Приднестровье показало мускулы ??? 2025-08-06 - archive.today, 2025-08-06 (????)

[14] Pridnestrovie.net, Law enforcement and armed forces of Pridnestrovie ??? 2025-08-06 - ????

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