纳音什么意思
????? ??(一致, ??: agreement, concord)? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ? ??? ??? ????. ??? ??? ????, ????? ?? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????(??? ?? ??)? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ????.
?? ?? ?? ????? ‘I am’?? ‘he is’?? ?? ? ???, ‘I is’? ‘he am’??? ?? ?? ??. ????? ??? ? ??? ???? ???? ?? ????. ?? ??? ‘I’, ‘he’? ?? 1??, 3????, ?? ?? ‘am’, ‘is’? ?? 1??, 3????. ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ????.
??? ??? ?, ??? ???? ??? ???(controller)?, ????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??(target)? ??? ? ??. ???? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??. ?? ??? ?(‘I am’? ‘he is’)??? ????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ????. ?? ??? ??? ‘??? ??? ??? ????’? ???? ??. ??? ? ??? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??, ??? ??? ? ??? ???? ?? ?? ??.[1]
??? ?? ??? ?
[??]?????, ??? ?? ?? ?? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?? ?? ?? ??? ??. ???? ? ???? ???? ??, ?? ?? ??? ?? ???? ????? ? ?? ??. ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ????? ?, ?, ??, ? ??? ??. ?? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?????, ??? ???? ??? ?? ?? ???? ????.[1]
??
[??]??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? ???. ??? be ??? ??? ??? ?? ????.
1?? | 2?? | 3?? | |
---|---|---|---|
?? | am | are | is |
?? | are |
?? ????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ? ?? ??? ???? ????. ??????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?? ????. (?? ??? ‘sg’? ‘pl’? ??? ??? ????. ‘-’? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ????.)[2]
??? | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1sg | 2sg | 3sg | 1pl | 2pl | 3pl | ||
?? | 1sg | - | asavakkit | asavara | - | asavassi | asavakka |
2sg | asavarma | - | asavat | asavatsigut | - | asavatit | |
3sg | asavaanga | asavaatit | asavaa | asavaatigut | asavaasi | asavai | |
1pl | - | asavatsigit | asavarput | - | asavassi | asavavut | |
2pl | asavassinga | - | asavarsi | asavassigut | - | asavasi | |
3pl | asavaannga | asavaatsit | asavaat | asavaatigut | asavaasi | asavaat |
?
[??]??? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???. ?? ??? ? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??.[3]
????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ????.
1?? | 2?? | 3?? | |
---|---|---|---|
?? | laudō | laudās | laudat |
?? | laudāmus | laudātis | laudant |
?? ????? 3?? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ????.
- The boy sings. (?? ??)
- The boys sing. (?? ??)
??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?? ????? ??. ????? ??? ????.
- el hombre alto ‘? ? ? ??’ (?? ??)
- los hombres altos ‘? ? ? ???’ (?? ??)
?
[??]??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ????? ??. ???? ????? ??? ????.
- el hombre alto ‘? ? ? ??’ (????)
- la mujer alta ‘? ? ? ??’ (????)
??????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?? ????.
- El hombre es alto. ‘? ??? ?? ??.’ (????)
- La mujer es alta. ‘? ??? ?? ??.’ (????)
?? ????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ??. ???? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?? ????. (??? ???? ??? ??? ?? ????.)
?? | ?? | ||
---|---|---|---|
?? | ?? | ?? | |
delal | delala | delalo | delali |
?
[??]????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ????.
??? ?? ??? ?
[??]????, ???, ???, ???? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??. ???? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??, ????? ????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???, ?????, ?????, ?????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??.
??
[??]?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??. ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? 3?? ???? ??? -s/-es? ?? ????, ????? be? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ????. ? ??? ??? this? that? ?? ??? ??? these? those? ??.
- this house ‘? ?’ (?? ??)
- these house ‘? ??’ (?? ??)
?? ??
[??]??
[??]- ↑ ? ? Haspelmath & Sims (2010), 91?.
- ↑ Fortescue, Michael (1984). 《West Greenlandic》. Routledge. 289?. ISBN 978-0-7099-1069-5.
- ↑ Haspelmath & Sims (2010), 28-29?.
?? ??
[??]- Corbett, Greville G. (1994). 〈Agreement〉. Asher, R. E. 《The Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistic》. Oxford: Pergamon Press. 54–60?.
- Corbett, Greville G. (2006). 《Agreement》. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521001700.
- Givón, Talmy (1984). 《Syntax. A Functional Typological Introduction》. Vol 1. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. Chapter 10.
- Mel'?uk, Igor (2006). 《Aspects of the theory of morphology》. Berlin; New York: Mouton de Gruyter. Chapter 1.
- Moravcsik, Edith A. (1978). 〈Agreement〉. Greenberg, Joseph. 《Universals of Human Language》. Vol 4. Stanford, CA.: Stanford University Press. 331–374?.
?? ??
[??]- Agreement: A bibliography
- Tiberius, Carole; Dunstan Brown; Greville G. Corbett (2002). 〈Agreement〉. 《Surrey Database of Agreement》. University of Surrey. doi:10.15126/SMG.11/1.