??

百度期待车和家成为新的‘中国智造’巨头。

??(權力, ??: Power ??^[*], ????: Pouvoir ???^[*], ????: Poder ???^[*], ???: Macht ???^[*])?? ??? ?? ??? ????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ????? ????.^[1]

???? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??, ??? ????? ????? ??? ??? ??? ??(Authority ????^[*]), ??? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??? ???, ???? ??? ?? ??? ??(Violence ?????^[*])? ???? ??? ??? ???? ???.

??

????? ??? 17?? ??? ??? ???? ?????. ??? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??????, ?? ?? ?? "????", "????"? ????? ?? ??? ??? ? ?? ??? ???? ? ? ?? ??? "?"? ???? ??? ??? ????. ??? ???? "??? ???"(実体的権力観)?? ??.^[2]

??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??. ????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??, ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ????. ??? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ????. ??? ?? ???, ??? ??, ??? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ????.

?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???, ???? ??? ???? ?????(??? ??), ??? ???? ???? ???? ????·????? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??.

?? ???

??? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ? ? ??. 15??? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ????? ???. ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??. ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ?????. ?? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ?????. ?? ??? ??, ???? ? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ?? ????. ??? ?? ?? 〈??? ??? ??? ??? ???〉(1742?)?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ????, ????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??.

19???? 20??? ?? ??? ???? ? ????? ??? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ????? ????. ? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ????? ?? ????? ??, ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???, ?????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??? ???. ?? ???? ??? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ??? ???? ??. ???? ??? ???, ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?????, ??? ?? ??? ? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ? ??? ????. ? ?? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???, ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ????? ????. ???? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ???, ???? ??? ??? ??? ??, ????? ????? ???? ?? ?????.

??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??(Steven Lukes)? Power: A Radical View?? ?? ? ???, ??? ?? ??? ? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??.^[3] ?, ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?? ????. ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??. ??? ???? ?? ??(Michel Foucault)? ??? "??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ????? ???? ??"??? ???. ?? ?? ??? ? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ? ?? ???? ??.^[4]

?? ??

???? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?? ?? ?? ???? ????. ???? ????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??. ? ???? ???, ??, ??, ??, ??, ??, ????, ??, ??, ???, ?? ?? ????. ??? ?? ???? ? ??? ???? ??? ? ??.^[5]^[6]

??? ??? ?? ??

??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ? ????? ??? ????. ? ??? ????? ????? ???? ??.(e.g.??, ???) ??? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?????, ???? ??? ????. ???, ?? ??? ??? ???? ? ????? ??. ?? ????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ????.

???? ????

??? ??? ??, ?? ??? ??? ??? ????. ???, ???? ??? ??, ??? ??? ??? ????. ??? ??? ??? ??, ??? ??? ??? ? ? ??.

???? ???

??? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??? ? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??. ???, ??? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???? ?????.

???? ?? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???? ???. ?? ??, ?? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??.^[5] ??? ??????(?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???)? ???? ???? ??? ????. ??? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ????.^[7] ??, ???? ????? ???? ??? ???? ??, ???? ????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??.^[5] ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???? ????? ??, ??? ???? ? ????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??.^[8]^[9]

??? ??

??? ???, ????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??. : ?? ???? ?? ????? ??? ??? ???.: (???? ??? ??, ?? ????? ??? ??) ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?? ????. ?????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ? ???? ????. ??? '??'? ?????? ??? ???. ??? ???? '??'? ?? ??? ???? ??? ? ??? ??? ?? ???. ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ? ??? ?? ????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ????? ????.^[10]

???? ??

“??? ?? ????? ??? ?? ? ?? ????? ????.”^[11]

??? ??? ????? ??? ??. ??, ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ???? ? ????. ??? ?? ????? ??? ????. ????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? ????. ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?? ? ??. ??? ???? ????? ???? ???? ????. ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ???? ???, ???? 1968?? ?????.^[12]

??? ??

??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ? ???? ???? ?? ????. ??? ??? ??? ? ?? ??? ??, ??? ??? ????. ??? ???? ??? ???? ?? ??? ????? ???.

???, ??? ??? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ????. ???? ?? ? ???? ???? ????? ??? ??? ? ? ???? ?? ????? ??. ??? ? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ????? ????? ??, ? ???? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ????? ??????.^[12]

?? ??

?? ??? 2003?? 2004?? ?????. ? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?????.^[12]

???? ??

???? ????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ???? ? ???? ? ??? ?????, ??? ??? ???? ??? ? ?? ?? ??? ?? ???.^[12]

??? ??

??? ????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ? ??? ?????? ??. ???? ? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?? ???.^[12]

??

??? ??? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??, ???? ??? ???? ??? ??? ???. ??? ????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???? ? ????? ????? ?????.^[12]

??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?, ??? ?? ?? ?, ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??, ??? ???? ????? ??? ????.^[12]

????? ??? ??

???? ????, ??? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??? ????. ??? ???? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? (????, ????, ????, ??? ?? ????) ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ???.

??

??? ???? ??

?????? ???(John R. P. French)? ???(Bertram Raven)? ? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?????.(1959),^[13]

???? ???? ???, ??? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ?? : ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? A? B? ??, A? B? ???? A? ?? B? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? B?? A? ?? ??? ???. ? ??? ????, ??? ????? ?????. – ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??, ??? ?????, B? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? A? ??? ????. ??? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?? '??'? ???? ??. ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? A? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?? ? ??.

???? ???? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?? ?? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ????. ? ??? ???? ???? ??. – ??? Morgan? ?? (1986: ch.6),^[14]

??? ??

??? ?? ?????? ???. ??? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ????. ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???? ????. ??? ????? ???, ???? ??? ??? ????. ??? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??? ????.

??? ??

??? ??? ?? ?? ???????? ?? ????. ?? ????? ???, ??? ??? ?? ?? ?????, ? ???? ?? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ????. ???? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??? ? ???, ??? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ? ??? ???? ? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??. ???? ????? ??? ?, ???? ? ??? ?? ? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??. ??? ??? ???? ?? ?? ?, ???? ??? ? ???? ???, ?? ???? ? ??? ????? ?? ? ???? ????? ??.^[15]

??? ??

??? ??? ??? ? ?? ??? ?? ????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?? ???. ?? ???? ????? ???? ??? ??? ??. ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?? ? ???, ? ??? ????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??. ????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???? ????. ?? ??, ???? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???. ??? ? ??? ? ??? ?????, ?? ?????? ??. ??, ????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??. ??? ??? ?????? ??? ? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ??.^[16] ??? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???, ? ??? ? ??? ??? ????? ??? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?? ????. ??? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ?????. ?? ??? ??? ?? ????? ?, ??? ??? ?? ??? ? ?? ???.^[15]

??? ??

??? ??? ?? ???? ?? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??? ????. ?? ???? ???? ??, ???? ??, ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ????? ? ? ?? ??? ?? ????. ??? ??? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ??. ??? ??? ???? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?? ?? ?? ????? ??? ?? ???? ? ? ??. ???? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ? ???? ???? ??, ??? ? ?? ?? ? ???? ?? ????.^[17] ? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?? ???? ? ? ?? ??? ???. ???? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ???. ?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??. ??? ?? ????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??. ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ? ????? ??? ? ?? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ?, ? ??? ????. ??? ? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ?, ?? ? ?? ??? ??. ??? ????? ??? ?, ???? ? ??? ??? ??? ? ? ??? ??? ? ??? ?? ???.^[15]

??? ??

??? ??? ???? ???? ????. ??? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ? ?? ??? ???? ??. ?? ?? ??? ?? ???? ? ??? ?? ? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?????. ??? ??? ?? ?????, ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ????? ???. ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?? ????. ???? ????? ???? ?, ??? ???? ? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ? ?? ????? ???? ? – ???? ?? ??? ??? ????. ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???? ???, ? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ? ???.^[15]

???? ???? ?? ??

????? ??: ?? ???? ???? ??? ??? ???, ??? ?? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?? ?? ??? ????. ?? ??? ???? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??. ?? ???? ??? ??? ????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??.
??? ?????? ??: ??? ?? ??? ????. ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???? ? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??????. ???? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??.
?? ?????? ??: ??? ?? ??? ?? ???? ????. ? ???? ?? ?? ????? ?? ??? ? ????? ?? ????. ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?, ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ????. ???, ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?????.
????? ???? ??: ???? ??? ?? ??? ? ? ??? ???. ????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?, ? ????? ??? ?? ????. ???? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??, ?? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??.
?? ?? ??????? ??: ??? ???? ?? ? ?? ????? ?? ?? ? ? ??. ? ??? ???? ????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???? ? ?? ????? ???? ??? ? ? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??. ???? ??? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?????. ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ????? ???? ??? ??. ??? ??? ????? ???? ??? ???? ? ???? ? ? ??. ?? ? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ? ??? ???.
?????? ??: ?? ??? ? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ? ?? ??? ?? ????. ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ? ?? ??? ??? ? ? ???, ??? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ? ??. ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ???? ? ??. ???, ? ???? ??? ??? ????? ???? ???? ? ?? ??? ? ?? ??? ??? ??. ??? ??? ?? ????? ? ?? ??? ??? ? ?? ??? ?? ? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??, ??? ?? ?? ??.^[18]

??????

??????? ????, ???? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ???. ??? ??? ????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ???. ???? ? ?????? ?????? ? ???? ??? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?? ????? ????, ???? ? ????? ?????? ? ???? ????? ?????. ?????? ???? ??? ? ????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??? ????. ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ?? ? ??? ????? ????. ? ??? ?? ??? ‘??’? ?? ??? ????. ?????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ??? ???? ??. ??? ?? ?????, ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ? ????. ??? ???? ??? ???? ? ? ??.

???? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ??, ?? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ????. ??? ??? ???? ???? ??? ‘??? ?? ???’?? ??? ????? ???. ?? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?? ???????, ?? ?? ? ??? ?? ????. ???? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?? ???.^[19]

?? ??

?? ??^[20]? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?????. ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ? ??? ????. ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??, ??? ??? ??? ?? ????. ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??, ??? ??? ??? ??? ????.

??

????(????? ??) ??? ??? ?? ? ? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? 20?? ??? ???? ??(1?? ??? 2?? ?? ??)? ?? ? ?? ??? ????. ??? ??? ?? ???? ????? ???? ??? ? ?? '???'? ??? ????.

??

??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??? ????? ???. ??? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ????.; ???? ??? ??? ??, ??? ????, ??? ??? ? ??? ????. ? ??? ??, ?? ?? ?? ??(?? ?? ??)? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ????. ? ?, ??? ??? ? ?? ?? ??? '???'??? ???? ?????. ??? ?????? Jean Baptiste Antoine Auget de Montyon? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? Jean-Baptise Moheau (1745–1794)? ???? ??? ????? ?? ?? ???? Jean-Baptiste Lamarck? ??? ???? ???? ?, ??, ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ???, ???? ????? ? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?????. ??? ??? ???, ???? ?? ???, ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ????.^[21]

???

???? ???? ????? '??'? '??'??? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?? ????? ????? ??? ?????. ???? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ?????, ??? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ? ?? ???????? ??? ??? ??? ? ?? ??? ??? ? ??? ????. ??, ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??? ???? ???, ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ? ??? ???? ? ???? ???? ?????. ???? ??? ?, ???? ??? ????? ???? ??? ? ??, ???? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?????. ??? ?? ??? ????, ??? ? ???? ?? ??? ? ? ??.

?? ??

????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ????.

??

↑ Dahl, 1957. “My intuitive idea of power, then, is something like this: A has power over B to the extent that he can get B to do something that B would not otherwise do. ” ? ??? ??? ??? ??.
↑ 高畠、1984年、47頁以下。
↑ Lukes, Steven (2004). 《Power : a radical view》 2?. Basingstoke [u.a.]: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 0333420926. CS1 ?? - ?? ?? (??)
↑ Foucault, Michel, Power/Knowledge, Pantheon Books, New York, 1980.
↑ ^? ^? ^? Falbo, T.& Peplau, L. A. (1980) Power strategies in intimate relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 38, 618-628
↑ Raven et al., 1998.
↑ Bradko D., Butkovic A (2007) Stability of genetic and environmental effects from adolescence to young adulthood: results of Croatian longitudinal twin study of personality. Twin Res Hum Genet 10: 151–157
↑ Carson, P. P., Carson, K. D., & Roe, W. (1993). Social power bases: A meta- analytic examination of interrelationships and outcomes. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 23}
↑ Tepper, B.J., Uhl-Bien, M.A., Kohut, G.A., Rogelberg, S.G., Lockhart, D., &Ensley, M.D. (2006) Subordinates' resistance and managers' evaluations of subordinates' performance. Journal of Management, 32
↑ McCornack, Steven. Reflect & Relate, an introduction to interpersonal communication. Boston/NY: Bedford/St. Martin's. p. 291. ISBN 0-312-48934-X.
↑ Handgraaf, Michel J. J.; Van Dijk, Eric; Vermunt, Ri?l C.; Wilke, Henk A. M.; De Dreu, Carsten K. W. (2008? 1? 1?). “Less power or powerless? Egocentric empathy gaps and the irony of having little versus no power in social decision making.”. 《Journal of Personality and Social Psychology》 95 (5): 1137. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.95.5.1136. ? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? (???)
↑ ^? ^? ^? ^? ^? ^? ^? Handgraaf, Michel J. J.; Van Dijk, Eric; Vermunt, Ri?l C.; Wilke, Henk A. M.; De Dreu, Carsten K. W. (2008? 1? 1?). “Less power or powerless? Egocentric empathy gaps and the irony of having little versus no power in social decision making”. 《Journal of Personality and Social Psychology》 95 (5): 1136–1149. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.95.5.1136. PMID 18954198. ? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? (???)
↑ French, J.R.P., & Raven, B. (1959). 'The bases of social power,' in D. Cartwright (ed.) Studies in Social Power. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press. ^{[? ?? ??]}
↑ Everyday Experiences of Power 2010 by Kelly De-Moll p.22 1st sentence
↑ ^? ^? ^? ^? “French and Raven's Five Forms of Power”. 《MindTools.com》. 27 April 2012 the part of "Referent Power" 3rd paragraph? ???. ?? ?? ? ?? ??: |access-date= (???)
↑ Management 2008 by Patrick J.Montana, and Bruce H. Charnov, Fourth Edition p.257 the part of "Charisma Power" 4th sentence.
↑ the part of "Reward Power" 3rd sentence in answer.com home
↑ Guerrero, Laura K., and Peter A. Andersen. Close encounters: Communication in Relationships. 3rd ed. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: SAGE, 2011. Print. p.267-261
↑ Pip Jones, Introducing Social Theory, Polity Press, Cambridge, 2008, p. 93.
↑ “Eiilm University Political Theory the part of "Tarnow" p.27 1st sentence” (PDF). 2014? 5? 17?? ?? ?? (PDF)?? ??? ??. 2014? 5? 16?? ???.
↑ Michel Foucault, Lectures at the College de France, 1977–78: Security, Territory, Population, 2007, pp. 1–17.

?? ??

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[1] Dahl, 1957. “My intuitive idea of power, then, is something like this: A has power over B to the extent that he can get B to do something that B would not otherwise do. ” ? ??? ??? ??? ??.

[2] 高畠、1984年、47頁以下。

[3] Lukes, Steven (2004). 《Power : a radical view》 2?. Basingstoke [u.a.]: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 0333420926. CS1 ?? - ?? ?? (??)

[4] Foucault, Michel, Power/Knowledge, Pantheon Books, New York, 1980.

[Falbo,_T._1980-5] ? ^? ^? Falbo, T.& Peplau, L. A. (1980) Power strategies in intimate relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 38, 618-628

[6] Raven et al., 1998.

[7] Bradko D., Butkovic A (2007) Stability of genetic and environmental effects from adolescence to young adulthood: results of Croatian longitudinal twin study of personality. Twin Res Hum Genet 10: 151–157

[8] Carson, P. P., Carson, K. D., & Roe, W. (1993). Social power bases: A meta- analytic examination of interrelationships and outcomes. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 23}

[9] Tepper, B.J., Uhl-Bien, M.A., Kohut, G.A., Rogelberg, S.G., Lockhart, D., &Ensley, M.D. (2006) Subordinates' resistance and managers' evaluations of subordinates' performance. Journal of Management, 32

[10] McCornack, Steven. Reflect & Relate, an introduction to interpersonal communication. Boston/NY: Bedford/St. Martin's. p. 291. ISBN 0-312-48934-X.

[11] Handgraaf, Michel J. J.; Van Dijk, Eric; Vermunt, Ri?l C.; Wilke, Henk A. M.; De Dreu, Carsten K. W. (2008? 1? 1?). “Less power or powerless? Egocentric empathy gaps and the irony of having little versus no power in social decision making.”. 《Journal of Personality and Social Psychology》 95 (5): 1137. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.95.5.1136. ? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? (???)

[Handgraaf_1136–1149-12] ? ^? ^? ^? ^? ^? ^? Handgraaf, Michel J. J.; Van Dijk, Eric; Vermunt, Ri?l C.; Wilke, Henk A. M.; De Dreu, Carsten K. W. (2008? 1? 1?). “Less power or powerless? Egocentric empathy gaps and the irony of having little versus no power in social decision making”. 《Journal of Personality and Social Psychology》 95 (5): 1136–1149. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.95.5.1136. PMID 18954198. ? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? (???)

[13] French, J.R.P., & Raven, B. (1959). 'The bases of social power,' in D. Cartwright (ed.) Studies in Social Power. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press. ^{[? ?? ??]}

[14] Everyday Experiences of Power 2010 by Kelly De-Moll p.22 1st sentence

[French_and_Raven's_Five_Forms_of_Power-15] ? ^? ^? ^? “French and Raven's Five Forms of Power”. 《MindTools.com》. 27 April 2012 the part of "Referent Power" 3rd paragraph? ???. ?? ?? ? ?? ??: |access-date= (???)

[ReferenceA-16] Management 2008 by Patrick J.Montana, and Bruce H. Charnov, Fourth Edition p.257 the part of "Charisma Power" 4th sentence.

[17] the part of "Reward Power" 3rd sentence in answer.com home

[18] Guerrero, Laura K., and Peter A. Andersen. Close encounters: Communication in Relationships. 3rd ed. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: SAGE, 2011. Print. p.267-261

[19] Pip Jones, Introducing Social Theory, Polity Press, Cambridge, 2008, p. 93.

[20] “Eiilm University Political Theory the part of "Tarnow" p.27 1st sentence” (PDF). 2014? 5? 17?? ?? ?? (PDF)?? ??? ??. 2014? 5? 16?? ???.

[21] Michel Foucault, Lectures at the College de France, 1977–78: Security, Territory, Population, 2007, pp. 1–17.

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